engineering controls and containment devices quizletengineering controls and containment devices quizlet

At the development stage, elimination and substitution may be the simplest and cheapest option. wYQ#g0. If surfaces are peeling or deteriorating and scraping is necessary prior to encapsulation, this method will produce lead dust and paint chips. Welding and cutting activities that potentially involve exposure to lead can occur as part of a number of construction projects such as highway/railroad bridge rehabilitation (including elevated mass-transit lines), demolition, and indoor and outdoor industrial facility maintenance and renovation. Recycling equipment must be well-maintained and regularly monitored to ensure it is removing lead effectively. Use of wet-sanding and wet-scraping methods in conjunction with HEPA vacuuming or HEPA mechanical ventilation. The resulting product is air abrasive water. Engineering controls, including facility construction and design elements in the laboratory space; Safety equipment, including personal protective equipment (PPE) and biosafety cabinets; Administrative controls, including specific access, training, and occupational medicine policies; and ded into three categories representing primary, secondary, and supplementary levels of control. Use shrouded tools wherever feasible (shrouding can restrict accessibility to the work area) with vacuum attachment to collect dust and debris at the point of generation (Figure V:3-4). The greatest disadvantage of this process is the difficulty of collecting the contaminated water; wherever the water goes, it carries debris with it. This heat separates the substrate, which is subsequently scraped off with a putty knife or similar tool. The concentric cylinders are $50 \mathrm{~cm}$ long. Steel Structures Painting Council, Lead Paint Removal From Industrial Structures: Meeting the Challenge, SSPC 90-01-:95-99. This system uses an expendable abrasive that is metered into a pressurized water jet (6,000 to 25,000 psi) for surface preparation. When employee airborne exposures to lead are above the PEL, the employer must provide employees with a clean change area that is equipped with storage facilities for street clothes and a separate area with facilities for the removal and storage of lead-contaminated protective work clothing and equipment. For all three groups of tasks, employers are required to provide respiratory protection appropriate to the task's presumed exposure level, protective work clothing and equipment, change areas, hand-washing facilities, training, and the initial medical surveillance prescribed by paragraph (d)(2)(v) of the standard (29 CFR 1926.62). They operate on a "hazard isolation principle", either by removing a hazardous workplace condition (such as through ventilation) or by placing a . /Length 1931 The lead exposure of this group of workers can be caused either by the activities of their co-workers or their own work-related activities. Substitution includes using a material that is less hazardous than lead, changing from one type of process equipment to another, or even, in some cases, changing the process itself to reduce the potential exposure to lead. A safety device that detects the flow of current to the ground and opens the circuit to interrupt the flow. Substitution You can review and change the way we collect information below. This process (original enzyme $\rightarrow$ denatured enzyme) is endothermic and spontaneous. Mini-enclosures, which have smaller cross-sectional areas than conventional enclosures, can be erected. Another good opportunity to use elimination and substitution is when selecting new equipment or procedures. If the objective is to remove tight paint, productivity may be low. High-pressure acid tanks used in the mining industry (especially during gold refining), as well as tanks (called "accumulators") found in some older paper mills and perhaps in other industries, are often lined with a specialized tile or lead brick. The personal hygiene measures described above will reduce worker exposure to lead and decrease the likelihood of lead absorption caused by ingestion or inhalation of lead particles. 0000017297 00000 n Blast cleaning with recyclable abrasive such as steel grit or aluminum oxide requires specialized equipment for vacuuming or collecting the abrasive for reuse, separating the lead dust and fines from the reusable abrasive, and, in the case of steel grit, maintaining clean, dry air to avoid rusting of the abrasive. << /T1_1 7 0 R We take your privacy seriously. 4 0 obj DHHS NIOSH Publication HETA 90-075. Other members of the household may then be exposed to harmful amounts of lead. The PEC is first cleaned with a germicidal detergent. endobj To the extent possible, replacing lead chromate with zinc. Labeling, For low-risk compounding with a 12-hour beyond Lead burning, a process by which virgin or alloyed lead is melted with a torch or otherwise fused to another lead object, is typically performed in maintenance operations on electrostatic precipitators or during the installation of lead shot, bricks, or sheets in the walls or floors of health-care x-ray units or industrial sites. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. The vacuum system and brushes obscure the blast surface, and some areas may therefore need to be blasted repeatedly because they are missed on the first or second pass. NIOSH Researchers reduce the risk of fall injuries and fatalities in construction by evaluating mast climber fall-arrest scenarios and providing recommendations to standards committees and equipment manufacturers. The containment must be constructed to collect water rather than to control dust emissions. Engineering controls are the type of controls that protect workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Work is generally organized so that blasting proceeds for approximately one-half day, followed by compressed air cleaning of the steel and application of the prime coat of paint. This process is repeated several times until the metal is too cold to pour. Wet methods include misting of peeling paint with water before scraping, and sanding and misting of debris prior to sweeping or vacuuming. NIOSH. This restricts the dispersion of the abrasive and thus the size of the area that can be cleaned. /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] Because chemical stripping removes only the paint, a final abrasive blast must often be performed to remove rust and mill scale and to provide the metal profile required for adhesion of the new paint. Premier, Inc. helps hospitals accelerate performance on both clinical outcomes and supply chain costs. /Type /Pages The containment/ventilation system should be designed to optimize the flow of ventilation air past the worker(s), thereby reducing the airborne concentration of lead and increasing visibility. 0000020258 00000 n 0000011279 00000 n Calculate the mass, in grams, of $\mathrm{NaCl}$ present in $54.3 \mathrm{~g}$ of $0.91 \% \mathrm{NaCl}$ solution. Engineering controls are the type of controls that protect workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Productivity is lower than for open abrasive blasting using more traditional abrasives, according to contractors who have used this product (CONSAD 1993). If you have additional questions about the SPCC program, please call our Oil Information Center at (800) 424-9346 or TDD (800) 553-7672. The OSHA construction standard for lead also requires that a competent person perform frequent and regular inspections of job sites, materials, and equipment. Following a major repair 0000016741 00000 n No lead-contaminated items are permitted to enter the clean change area. Chemical stripping of old paint coatings is performed by applying solvent- or caustic-based strippers to the surface, either by hand or spray gun. Whenever possible, pneumatic air tools should be used to remove rivets in lieu of burning and torch cutting. Three separate miscellaneous activities representative of the jobs performed by this group of workers are discussed below. c. DNA and proteins Wet Abrasive Blast Cleaning. The cost of cryogenic cleaning, however, is still often prohibitive. Elimination and substitution can be the most difficult actions to adopt into an existing process. 0000020092 00000 n 0000003017 00000 n 0000005087 00000 n Abrasives used for injection include sand and slag materials, as well as soluble abrasives such as sodium bicarbonate. In addition, some vacuum heads are so heavy that mechanical suspension systems are needed to support them, and even then, the blasters may need to take frequent breaks. Dust generation, debris generation, and the type of containment necessary in ultrahigh-pressure water jetting are comparable to those in high-pressure water jetting. Process gases are compressible; liquids are not. Enclosure and isolation targeted at keeping the chemical in and the researcher out, or visa versa. Liquid CO2 storage connects to a nuggetizer hopper, which works in conjunction with an air compressor to blast a surface by using dry-ice pellets. Filtered materials as well as other waste and debris should be placed in appropriately labeled, 6-mil plastic bags or sealed containers suitable for the transport of lead waste, and stored in a secure area pending disposal in accordance with State and/or local requirements. High levels of airborne total dust and lead dust can be generated by breaking lead-painted plaster into small pieces. Cryogenic cleaning by blasting with dry-ice pellets is one of the least-tried methods of surface preparation (Figure V:3-2). These Plans help facilities prevent oil spill, as well as control a spill should one occur. Exposures may result from the release of dust and paint-chip particles when these items are removed with a prybar or cut with a saw. 0000015403 00000 n Y. Because some substitute materials may have their own unique hazards, the MSDS for the substitute material should be consulted before it is used. Vacuum Blasting Lead-Based Paint Structures. methylene chloride) when inhaled or absorbed through the skin, and many are skin irritants or skin corrosives. /Contents 15 0 R %PDF-1.4 Moreover, the worker can install insulation manually (e.g., when installing rigid preformed insulation around pipes) or mechanically using, for example, a pneumatic blower (e.g., when blowing fiberglass or mineral wool into place over existing mineral-wool insulation). (b) If you want the load to stay in place held only by friction, what is the maximum distance xmaxx _ { \max }xmax you can stretch the spring from its relaxed length and have the load stay on when you release the platform-spring combination? engineering controls examples -glove boxes -biological safety cabinets -physical barriers of steel, plastic, glass -hand washing facilities -eye wash stations -sharps disposal containers -biological safety cabinets -ventilating laboratory hoods -autoclaves -safer sharps devices -air barriers or air "curtains" Engineering controls: process containment and process upset controls Term 1 / 9 Closed environment drain system Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 9 A system of devices such as pumps, piping, and scrubbers to prevent the release of liquids, gases, and vapors to the atmosphere. , Inc. helps hospitals accelerate performance on both clinical outcomes and supply costs... 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