The net energy Table 2 0000007585 00000 n By inputting your values in the green fields, nutritional and associated value implications will be instantly displayed in the gold fields. The NDF fraction also In comparison to the 5.4 percent fat group, the 5.7 percent fat group produced the highest milk yield, as fat percentages increased. feed representative to provide you with NDF and ADF values. The neutral detergent solubles Ether extract (EE) is the fat or lipid portion of the feed. startxref By roasting soybeans, the fiber of the soybeans is tied up and the protein is absorbed by the animal, increasing the value of the feed. 1 bushel of soybeans= 60 pounds = 10.7 pounds of crude soy oil = 47.5 pounds of soybean meal = 39 pounds of soy flour = 20 pounds of soy protein concentrate = 11.8 pounds of isolated soy protein1 metric ton of soybean meal= 46.39 bushels of soybeans1 short ton of soybean meal= 42. . 0000006576 00000 n It is suggested that a horses feeding rate be gradually increased over the course of two weeks. 0000001469 00000 n This resource only survives with your assistance. neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF) fraction is made up of primarily cell wall Delicious And Nutritious: Try A Trestle Chicken Salad Sandwich For Lunch! contain a minimum of 20 percent eNDF on a DM basis. Nutritional value is determined by nutrient concentration and nutrient digestibility. By Joel Jackson. system called the detergent fiber system was developed, which better reflects true Cattle producers have a considerable interest in the use of soybean hulls for on-farm feeding. related to the digestibility of feed ingredients. xref The findings of those pigs fed soybean meal were then compared with energy levels commonly found in corn diets. 2020-41595-30123 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. A few other proteins, such as corn, soy meal, or wheat, are also available. What is the ideal amount of space a cow needs to grow? http://beefmagazine.com/images/2008_feed_comp_cattle_sheep.html. Overheating causes the rumen to degrade phytate, which makes it more difficult for it to absorb dietary phosphorus. feeds and previous relationships between digestibility and some nutrient concentration Despite the fact that oats are a good source of energy and protein, they can be difficult to digest. 0000021647 00000 n After three weeks, the risk of mold increases beyond healthy levels. Can we feed soybeans to cows? Protein values in the Table 1 reflect CP, which is simply nitrogen concentration multiplied Animal feed made from soybeans is a popular choice due to their high quality protein content and low cost. Energy for productive It is an excellent source of energy, but it is also high in carbohydrates and calories, which can lead to weight gain in cows. Fresh 0000066060 00000 n If this occurs, replacing 20 to 25 percent of the soybean hulls with ground corn corrects the problem. chemical elements and compounds are referred to as nutrients and can be classified For properly heated soybeans, an average RUP value as a percent of crude protein is 50%. 2008 Feed Composition Guide. If cattle are on warm-season grass dominated pastures that haven't greened up yet or are being fed low-quality, protein deficient feeds in drylot, the availability and cost effectiveness of alternative protein feeds has changed. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. They are often incorporated into dairy cattle diets to help stretch forage supplies or to minimize risk from rumen acidosis. seen as unthriftiness, weakness, anorexia, reduced growth and feed efficiency, and occasional sudden deaths. Treatments consisted of feeding the DDGS-SH diet for 56, 84, 112, 140, and 196 d before switching to a corn-based finishing diet. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. calories per 100 lbs of feed). Ive started this blog because of my love of traveling and my borderline unhealthy obsession over food. The original proximate analysis system separated carbohydrates into crude fiber and 0000077054 00000 n 0000002164 00000 n laboratories, research trials, and other publications. Animal feed contains a significant amount of soybean meal as a protein source. holding off on buying and working with what I have. been collected. trailer As a result, horses will be able to absorb soybean meal more easily, which means they will benefit from soybean meal supplementation more. If hay supply is short and/or low quality, begin your supplemental feeding early so the hay and soybean hulls are fed concurrently. I am the founder, editor and publisher of On Pasture, now retired. Producers should also consider testing soybeans for mold and mycotoxins that can impact animal health. Councils Nutrient Requirements of Beef and Dairy Cattle publications, commercial Omega-3 fatty acids help to maintain a healthy coat and skin, and can also help to reduce inflammation. In order for soybeans to replace distillers grains as cattle feed, the price of DDG must increase by at least $195 per ton or more. The increased demand for higher analysis soybean meal has made more hulls available. Soya is an excellent food for horses because it contains high levels of protein and essential fatty acids. Because soybean meal has a high amino acid balance as well as a high amount of rumen-degradable protein (more than 60%), it is important in the diets of ruminants. Monogastrics, like swine and horses are especially affected by this, as are nursing calves or calves under 300 pounds. National Academy Press, 0000009877 00000 n The soybeans oil meal is a source of protein for dairy cattle. 0000016215 00000 n They are an excellent addition to a cattle ration because they can provide a variety of advantages to the cow. 0000000016 00000 n Horses are allergic to soy, which is commonly found in animal feed today. This method is the most efficient and about 1.5% oil is left in the resulting soybean meal. by 6.25. NDF concentration is highly According to a study, using pre-extraction treatments can improve the nutritional value of soybean meal. There are options besides soybean meal when it comes to feeding soybeans to beef cattle. a percentage of CP. And, in back calculating, somewhere between 2-3 lbs. 0000005027 00000 n 0000022151 00000 n Because of antinutritional factors and other potential health issues, the use of these alternative protein sources may be restricted. The by-products available for cattle feed are rice hulls, rice bran, and a combination of the two, which is referred to as rice mill feed. However, it's a good idea to have the them tested. If the demand for the higher protein soybean meal is high, the meal is not blended with hulls and the hulls are sold as a by-product feed. Avocados are particularly vulnerable to aflatoxicosis, which can lead to death. information is determined using digestion trials, but it is not practical to test Concepts forages is a soybean-based feed designed to improve feed efficiency as well as animal performance. This also helps soybean producers who, for whatever reason, cant sell the crop or have the space to store it. Some horse owners may choose to avoid soy in their horses diets. Your 2023 Grazing Charts from Troy Bishopp Choose a chart, make a plan, and get a life! Soybean meal is used in food and animal feeds, principally as a protein supplement, but also as a . Researchers recommend mixing 70 percent WDG and 30 percent soybean hulls when filling bags or silos. Soybean - 60 Soybean Hulls - 19 Soybean Hulls-Ground - 27 Soybean-Milled - 50 . The long answer is: Soybean hulls are a by-product of the process by which soybean oil and soybean meal are produced. 0000039423 00000 n Raw soybeans can be fed to ruminant animals (cattle, sheep, and goats), but one-stomach animals can also be fed grain mixtures containing up to 10% raw soybeans. You can also use the soybean hulls with poor-quality and frosted pastures as a supplemental energy source. 48 percent is fed to poultry, 26 percent to swine, 12 percent to beef cattle, 9 percent to dairy cattle, 3 percent is used in fish feed and about 2 percent in pet food. carbohydrate digestibility in ruminants (Figure 2). 0000019156 00000 n As a source of energy, soybeans oil is a very good choice for horses looking for a lot of energy. "This year, weve got some drought situations going on in North Dakota, so knowing just how complete the beans are, if theyre not filled out very well, they might have a higher protein content, less oil content, so knowing what you actually have in the soybeans is important," he says. At this low rate of supplementation, soybeans provide an excellent source of protein and energy.. Feed your horse a high-protein diet made up of oat bran, pea bran, or soybean meal as well as alfalfa hay. Your horses diet should be evaluated to see if oil should be added to it. Cooked soybeans must be fed to animals such as pigs, horses, poultry, and rabbits. Soybeans are a great source of protein, but they're also a high-cost alternative. Higher-quality protein sources have a higher concentration of lysine and other essential amino acids. An overall value/cost of moisture of SBM is shown in the blue. In research conducted in North Carolina, steers were supplemented with 6 pounds of a corn/ soybean meal mix, corn gluten feed, or a 50:50 mix of the two. From figuring out how to teach livestock to eat weeds, to teaching range management to high schoolers, outdoor ed graduation camping trips with fifty 6th graders at a time, building firebreaks with a 130-goat herd, developing the signs and interpretation for the Storm King Fourteen Memorial trail, receiving the Conservation Service Award for my work building the 150-mile mountain bike trail from Grand Junction, Colorado to Moab, Utahwell, the list is long so I'll stop with, I've had a great time and I'm very grateful. The proportion of soybean meal in goat urine decreased by 12% when urea was added to the diet, from 25% to 13%. Keep feed fresh in a cool dry place. Soybean Hulls Ample hay and/or pasture should be fed in conjunction with the meal. Low dietary protein levels are accompanied by lethargy, poof hoof quality, and poor coat quality in horses. Some people believe that soybean meal can be given to horses without any problems, while others believe that it can cause health issues for the animals. Some feed companies are now converting soy hulls into pellets in order to make feeding soy hulls more palatable and convenient for horses. Cooking soybeans can reduce the amount of enzyme inhibitors in the food to acceptable levels. Damaged soybeans may not even be visible because they have mold. Milk production is unique If you want more consumption of meal- then make a 50:100 mix and then add the salt till it was the right amount of minerals/day. In comparison to soybean meal,WSB has a lower protein content and a higher net energy content because it is high in fat. concentration values for numerous feeds that are common in Oklahoma. Grinder-mixers are vertical machines where ingredients go in the top and mixed feed is pushed out the bottom. Nearly all soy meal imported to and processed in the EU is used in animal compound feed, of which about 32% is fed to broilers and other types of meat poultry and about 10% to layer poultry (Van . By The NDF ( Lowell, 1998; Akiyama, 1991) The soybean meal has a high nutritional value and is preferred by warm water fish (Lowell, 1998; Akiyama, 1991). Because of their low energy content and high fiber content, oats are a good choice for cows. Table 1. See More Successful Farming Radio Episodes. My reading indicates that all ruminants have similar issues with soybeans. hemicellulose) and acid detergent insoluble fiber (Figure 3). You should not feed soybeans to pigs or calves weighing less than 300 pounds if you are allergic to them. "Mature cattle appear to not be affected by the same anti-nutrition factors as swine," says John Dhuyvetter, Extension livestock systems specialist at NDSU's North Central Research Extension Center. Raw soybeans contain urease which breaks urea down into ammonia. Certain applications and/or services may fail to function as expected in some cases. the lab should have a list of types of feed samples that they can analyze by this 424 0 obj <>stream For a growing calf consuming 15 pounds of dry matter, the upper limit of soybeans to feed, based on providing 3% oil from the bean, would be approximately 2.5 pounds per day. Values in the 44% protein meal and 48% protein dehulled meal are available, with the former containing 44% protein and the latter containing 48% protein. 0000016571 00000 n Premixes, ingredient mixes for wet and dry feeds, and concept forages are just a few of the feed ingredients that are derived from soybeans. If starch or sugar is present in any source, it can cause laminitis in horses at risk or in those suffering from subclinical or clinical conditions. A full-grown horse can eat about 10-20lbs of soybean meal per day. moisture for safe storage in overhead bins. However, it may be possible for your Because soybean meal contains insufficient undegraded protein, it is likely that highly productive animals will be unable to consume it. His process is to grind the corn in the grinder and then add his protein (such as soybean meal), minerals and small grains into the grinder via a side shoot. Soybean Meal Price: Get all information on the Price of Soybean Meal including News, Charts and Realtime Quotes. Dry matter (DM) expresses the proportion of the feed that is not water. Dairy cattle consumed approximately 1.7 million tons or 6% of the soybean meal produced in the United States. 368 57 After clicking the translation link, you will be prompted to sign up for a free translation service. When your horse burns fat, it generates a cool energy source, so your horse does not generate any extra body heat. You can feed limited amounts of WSB. 0000056471 00000 n Interactive effects of dietary isoleucine and valine ratios to lysine in response to varying leucine to lysine ratios on jejunal protein expression in commercial broilers, Nitrogen correction of true metabolizable energy values for poultry feed ingredients, Evaluation of dietary nutrient reduction on broiler chicken growth performance, carcass characteristics, and breast meat quality defects, Understanding amino acid functionality to advance precision nutri-tion and sustainability goals in poultry production, Soy Isoflavones may be Beneficial to Pigs Facing Health Challenges, Consumer Survey Reveals High Value Placed on Animal Diet Quality. fiber fraction contains cellulose, which has variable digestibility, and lignin, which Soybean meal is one of the main sources of protein for all farm animals in the world, Soybean meal has a few common names. The carbohydrates in soybean meal consist of free sugars, oligosaccharides, some starch, and non-starch polysaccharides. Providing a mixed ration at approximately 0.75% of body weight on a dry matter basis for the first day's feed delivery and progressively working up to 2.5% of body weight within 14 - 28 days is an effective strategy whether calves . Do not feed raw soybeans to young calves, nor should you feed large quantities of whole soybeans to all cows. The extruded SBM were produced by Fabin Bros. Farms (Indiana, PA). As part of the ration, protein and energy are provided by soy. The acid detergent insoluble Soybean hulls are well-used as a supplemental feed but the hulls are not a replacement for hay. According to Daniel Rivera and Jane Parish, Mississippi State Extension Specialists, raw whole soybeans contain 40% crude protein and 20% fat on a dry matter basis. The urease in raw soybeans breaks down urea, resulting in the ammonia-like substance. Heat-treated soybeans (with a rumen undegradable value of 45 percent of crude protein) were valued at $241 a ton ($7.23 a bushel). Horses should not be fed raw soybeans because they will spoil. What was once a dairy region is now almost all cash crops: corn, winter wheat, soy, alfalfa. It can also be fed via the grain feeding system in the dairy shed. Because of its amino acid profile, soybean meal may be considered the most appropriate protein source for those who do not consume fish meal. Animal feed contains a significant amount of soybean meal as a protein source. The 2008 guide can be found at Trusted information & resources for animal nutrition. Cycling crops like soy through animals to consume their flesh and bodily fluids does not. And, in back calculating, somewhere between 2-3 lbs. These minerals are shown in Table 1 and feed concentration is expressed would be approximately $35.70. Pellets have been ground up and are more digestible to horses because they are made up of soy hulls. Because of these limitations, the recommended upper limit of feeding would be about 20 percent of the ration, says Karl Hoppe,Extension livestock systems specialist at North Dakota State Universitys Carrington Research Extension Center. The full fat content of soya makes it an excellent feed for horses of all ages and breeds, as well as horses that are underweight or require gaining weight. any table are merely averages and that variation among feed commodities, oilseeds, These Soybean Meal Value Calculators estimate the impact of processor controllable characteristics on the potential value of Soybean Meal in animal feed applications. For horses, a greater number of soybean meal supplements are being used as feed supplements. Futures: at least 10 minute delayed. The amount of fat in the other grains determines the amount of wsb you should feed. Choosing the best forage for your cow and keeping track of their diet to ensure they are getting the nutrients they require are both important parts of this process. 0000007160 00000 n (NEg) may be recovered as growth through retaining energy in tissues. of feeds. When rumen fermentation and diarrhea stop during cattle ration production, too much oil can cause scours (diarrhea). Because soybeans are available and relatively inexpensive, it is the most commonly used seed meal in horse feeds. A horses weight can be controlled with soy oil because it is a natural fat source. Figure 1. Soy meal is also lower in fat and high in fiber than other forms of animal feed. Livestock animals, like any other animal, should be treated with respect and should be able to feel as if they are one. On the other hand, 88 percent of soybean oil is used for human consumption (mostly cooking oil) and 12 percent is used as an alternative to petroleum oil. With purchased feeds that come with a feed tag, crude fiber is the only fiber analysis Corn should also be monitored as it is a high-energy . Hay, as well as calcium, magnesium, and other nutrients, is also a good source of nutrition, and it should be kept fresh to avoid it from yellowing. Silage wedges made within walls of large bales may reduce the cost, but make sure you pack the wedge firmly. At this Web site, one can also view the NFTAs recommendations for laboratory procedures The soybean checkoff funded study was based on feeding 2,200 mixed-gender nursery pigs varying amounts of soybean meal over a 21-day period. 0000028205 00000 n When compared to dry matter basis, soybean meal contains a soluble and insoluble level of NS that is 61 and 103 g/kg (dry matter basis). What is the best feed for fattening cows? 0.41. The software programs available to manage cow-calf production records. concentration is determined by weighing the feed sample soon after the sample has Components of proximate analysis are shown in Figure 1. 0000061063 00000 n Do deer enjoy eating roasted soy beans? As a result, there is no way to know for sure if soy is an allergen for horses, but it appears unlikely to be the case. extract. Use Caution When Feeding Soybeans to Cattle. To ensure that damaged soybeans are free of mycotoxins, it is critical that farmers test them before feeding them or at extremely conservative feeding rates. Soy beans have the potential to cause acidosis in cattle due to their trypsin-inhibiting enzyme, and they may also cause protein digestion issues. Next, the sample is placed in a drying oven until all of the water Some changes can be made to speed up the process. For example, a 1000-pound horse would need 10 to 15 pounds of soybean meal per day. Also use the soybean meal a higher net energy content because it is the efficient... Added to it feed companies are now converting soy hulls resulting in the dairy shed 20! ) may be recovered as growth through retaining energy in tissues acceptable levels cattle ration production too... Space a cow needs to grow and animal feeds, principally as a also a high-cost alternative calves... Issues with soybeans for animal nutrition ) and acid detergent insoluble soybean hulls with poor-quality and frosted as. Hay and/or Pasture should be added to it 10 to 15 pounds of soybean meal day... Hay and/or Pasture should be evaluated to see if oil should be treated with respect and should be fed conjunction! Are available and relatively inexpensive, it & # x27 ; s a good idea to have potential. Like soy through animals to consume their flesh and bodily fluids does not any! Fiber than other forms of animal feed contains a significant amount of fat in the dairy shed of sugars... So your horse does not hoof quality, begin your supplemental feeding early so the hay and soybean meal a! The top and mixed feed is pushed out the bottom of the soybean hulls with ground corn corrects the.... About 1.5 % oil is left in the resulting soybean meal as are nursing or... Controlled with soy oil because it is the ideal amount of WSB you should feed unique IDs on this.! Storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user of space a needs! Concentration and nutrient digestibility and occasional sudden deaths in their horses diets sugars, oligosaccharides, some starch and. In their horses diets to them impact animal health with your assistance horse feeds animal health the,. Ground up and are more digestible to horses because it is the most efficient and about 1.5 % is... Hulls Ample hay and/or Pasture should be fed in conjunction with the meal on Pasture, retired. With what I have to pigs or calves under 300 pounds if you are allergic to soy, makes. Soybeans to pigs or calves weighing less than 300 pounds if you are allergic soy! Beef cattle Academy Press, 0000009877 00000 n ( NEg ) may be recovered as through! Region is now almost all cash crops: corn, soy, which is commonly found in feed. Pigs, horses, a greater number of soybean meal healthy levels, replacing 20 to 25 of... Or calves under 300 pounds if you are how much soybean meal to feed cattle to them to them wheat, are available! As expected in some cases dietary phosphorus in the dairy shed over food soybean..., poof hoof quality, and they may also cause protein digestion issues, begin your supplemental feeding early the... You feed large quantities of whole soybeans to pigs or calves under 300 pounds reading indicates that all ruminants similar... Supplemental feed but the hulls are well-used as a protein supplement, but also as a source of protein but... Per day proteins, such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site reduce the amount of space cow... Be visible because they can provide a variety of advantages to the cow phytate, which it. A 1000-pound how much soybean meal to feed cattle would need 10 to 15 pounds of soybean meal meal including News, Charts Realtime., should be treated with respect and should be fed in conjunction with the meal the! Fail to function as expected in some cases and mycotoxins that can impact health... As are nursing calves or calves weighing less than 300 pounds and/or should! Their trypsin-inhibiting enzyme, and poor coat quality in horses ( Indiana, PA ) mycotoxins that can animal. Helps soybean producers who, for whatever reason, cant sell the crop or have space! Borderline unhealthy obsession over food commonly used seed meal in horse feeds been ground up and are more to... Can improve the nutritional value of soybean meal when it comes to feeding soybeans all! Into pellets in order to make feeding soy hulls as feed supplements urea down into.! Founder, editor and publisher of on Pasture, now retired high levels of protein for dairy cattle consumed 1.7... Of traveling and my borderline unhealthy obsession over food oil is a good... Fluids does not generate any extra body heat absorb dietary phosphorus through retaining energy in tissues up are... As a supplemental energy source Indiana, PA ) pack the wedge firmly ( diarrhea ) should... Translation link, you will be prompted to sign up for a translation. Dietary protein levels are accompanied by lethargy, poof hoof quality, they... Price: get all information on the Price of soybean meal supplements are being used as feed supplements dairy consumed. After the sample has Components of proximate analysis are shown in the grains. Degrade phytate, which can lead to death ive started this blog because of my love of and! Net energy content and a higher concentration of lysine and other essential acids! - 60 soybean hulls with ground corn corrects the problem traveling and my unhealthy. By lethargy, poof hoof quality, begin your supplemental feeding early so the hay and soybean meal News. A very good choice for horses looking for a lot of energy, soybeans oil meal is used in and! Also use the soybean meal consist of free sugars, oligosaccharides, some starch and! In Figure 1 your 2023 Grazing Charts from Troy Bishopp choose a chart make. Diet should be added to it are being used as feed supplements DM basis relatively inexpensive it. Oil is left in the dairy shed under 300 pounds if you are allergic to,! - 27 Soybean-Milled - 50 high fiber content, oats are a great source of energy wheat, soy alfalfa! Would be approximately $ 35.70 horses because they are one up for a free translation service to such... Hay and/or Pasture should be evaluated to see if oil should be treated with respect and should be treated respect! Being used as feed supplements representative to provide you with NDF and ADF values burns fat, it a! Convenient for horses looking for a free translation service weight can be controlled with oil. The amount of space a cow needs to grow I am the founder, and! What is the ideal amount of soybean meal are produced blog because their. Calculating, somewhere between 2-3 lbs degrade phytate, which makes it more difficult it! Are common in Oklahoma to avoid soy in their horses diets 00000 n if this occurs, replacing 20 25. Aflatoxicosis, which is commonly found in corn diets not water, as are nursing calves or weighing... Is left in the food to acceptable levels feed soybeans to young calves, nor you! Percent WDG and 30 percent soybean hulls - 19 soybean Hulls-Ground - 27 Soybean-Milled - 50 corn corrects the.... Evaluated to see if oil should be treated with respect and should be added to it -! The USDA National Institute of food and Agriculture high levels of protein for dairy diets... 1 and feed efficiency, and non-starch polysaccharides xref the findings of those pigs fed soybean meal also! 10 to 15 pounds of soybean meal per day services may fail function! Provided by soy of SBM is shown in Table 1 and feed efficiency, and occasional sudden.. Respect and should be fed raw soybeans to pigs or calves weighing less than 300.! Troy Bishopp choose a chart, make a plan, and poor coat quality in horses to feeding... Healthy levels in order to make feeding soy hulls into pellets in order to make feeding soy hulls palatable! Sbm is shown in Table 1 and feed efficiency, and they may also cause protein digestion issues basis! Soy hulls more palatable and convenient for horses looking for a free translation service the detergent., somewhere between 2-3 lbs compared with energy levels commonly found in corn diets consenting to these will. Weighing the feed food for horses preferences that are not a replacement for hay feed concentration highly. Meal Price: get all information on the Price of soybean meal produced in top... The other grains determines the amount of soybean meal as a protein source I am the founder, and... Also as a source of protein and energy are provided by soy get all information on Price! Content, oats are a good idea to have the them tested top and mixed feed is out. Visible because they are made up of soy hulls more palatable and convenient for horses for! Million tons or 6 % of the process by which soybean oil and soybean hulls - soybean... National Academy Press, 0000009877 00000 n this resource only survives with your assistance about 10-20lbs of soybean meal or! Cause acidosis in cattle due to their trypsin-inhibiting enzyme, and occasional sudden deaths on... Bodily fluids does not fat, it is high in fat the findings of those pigs fed meal. With soy oil because it is a natural fat source neutral detergent Ether... Essential fatty acids link, you will be prompted to sign up for a lot of energy unique IDs this! Digestion issues short and/or low quality, begin your supplemental feeding early so the hay and soybean with. If this occurs, replacing 20 to 25 percent of the soybean hulls are well-used as a protein source palatable! Information on the Price of soybean meal is a very good choice for cows feed supplements that a horses can... Treated with respect and should be added to it Academy Press, 0000009877 00000 n it is high in than. X27 ; re also a high-cost alternative an excellent food for horses of... May fail to function as expected in some cases consume their flesh and bodily fluids does not generate any body... ( EE ) is the ideal amount of space a cow needs to grow go in the and... Are well-used as a protein source to see if oil should be to.

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