(Ant., XVII, xi, 4; BJ, II, vi, 3). He gave it a free constitution. Tiberias: 32.795858: 35.530975: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 10.19 km: App., 11).)2. (2) Bethsaida of Galilee, where dwelt Philip, Andrew, Peter (John 1:44; John 12:21), and perhaps also James and John. (Ant., XV, vii, 3; BJ, I, xx, 3). As Jesus began to get back into the boat, the delivered demoniac pleaded with Him that he might accompany Him. The name is derived from either a lakeside village, Gergesa, the next larger city, Gadara, or the best-known city in the region, Gerasa. Many New Testament manuscripts refer to the "Country of the Gadarenes" or "Gerasenes" rather than the Gergesenes. In the South it is watered by the stream from Wady el-Chamam, the gorge that opens to the West of el-Mejdel.2. (d) In support of the single-city theory it is further argued that(i) Jesus withdrew to Bethsaida as being in the jurisdiction of Philip, when he heard of the murder of John by Antipas, and would not have sought again the territories of the latter so soon after leaving them. MARK. The fruits of Gennesaret had such high repute among the rabbis that they were not allowed in Jerusalem at the time of the feasts, lest any might be tempted to come merely for their enjoyment (Neubauer, Geog. Mark 7:31 Again he departed from the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and came to the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the region of Decapolis. It was largely overgrown with thorn-bushes, and it yielded one of the finest crops of thistles in the country. The Old Testament names were "sea of Chinnereth" (yam-kinnereth: Numbers 34:11 Deuteronomy 3:17 Joshua 13:27; Joshua 19:35), and "sea of Chinneroth" (yam-kineroth: Joshua 12:3; compare 11:2; 1 Kings 15:20). It was given by Augustus to Herod the Great in 30 B.C. Now there is no question that Capernaum was on "the other side," nor is there any suggestion that the boat was driven out of its course; and it is quite obvious that, sailing toward Capernaum, whether at Tell Chum or at Khan Minyeh, it would never reach Bethsaida Julius. (ii) No case can be cited where the phrase eis to peran certainly means anything else than "to the other side." William of Tyre calls the city Jarras, and places it 16 miles East of Jordan (Hist, xii, 16). open map. The Merneptah Steles discovery, transcription, and what it shows us about annihilation in the biblical text. iv.12; St. Mark i.14; St. Luke iv.14, 15; St. John iv.43-54.) In 1970, while clearing land for a new road to the Golan Heights, a bulldozer operated by the Ministry of Public Works turned up large quantities of Byzantine pottery and then began to unearth the ruins of ancient structures. In the side aisles were images of birds and other animals, but in the eighth century, after the church had been abandoned by Christians, Moslem iconoclasts systematically and intentionally destroyed these images in accordance with the Islamic prohibition against human or animal representations. 10, Library of the Historical Jesus Studies (London; New Delhi; New York; Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2013), 168. The name Samak, which means fish both in Aramaic (the vernacular of Jesus time) and in Arabic, reflects the fact that these fish were as important to the ancients as to people today. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Jesus agrees, so the demons or unclean spirits leave the man and enter the swine, which then rushed down the steep bank into the lake and were drowned., The cured demoniac begs to accompany Jesus, but Jesus tells him to go home instead and declare how much God has done for you. The cured demoniac then declares to all how much Jesus had done for him. According to Mark, he proclaims it even in the cities of the Decapolisand all the men marveled.. Where vegetable gardens are planted they yield plentifully. With the conquest of the Moslems it passed under eclipse, and is now an utter ruin.3. The lake and mountains are, in main outline, such as His eyes beheld. , Flavius Josephus and Steve Mason, Flavius Josephus: Life of Josephus (Boston; Leiden: Brill, 2003), 47. Water:The middle portion is supplied from `Ain el-Madawwerah, a copious fountain near the western edge of the plain, round which a wall has been built, to raise the level of the water; and from the perennial stream, Wady er-Rubadiyeh, which drives a mill before starting on its work of irrigation. Identification and Description:Umm Cheis answers the description given of Gadara by ancient writers. This is a difficulty for Marks account the pigs would have had to trot many miles from the country of the Gerasenes before they even reached the hillside that overlooks the lake, never mind actually get to the lake itself. Pilgrimage was cut off and with it a major source of income. David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 673. The pretty wild ride that the Black Obelisk took from Nimrud, where it was found, to the British Museum, where its displayed to this day. Matthew 15:29 Jesus departed there, and came near to the sea of Galilee; and he went up into the mountain, and sat there. At this time the residential area was clustered around the church, and most of the former residential quarters were left unrepaired and unsettled. Its fair to say this is one of the weirder gospel narratives. The most likely answer is to the country of the Gerasenes: i.e., Gerasa, a Greek town thought to be the same as the similarly-named Kersa on the east shore of Lake Tiberias. The greatest breadth is in the North, from el-Mejdel to the mouth of Wady Semak being rather over 7 miles. Nearly opposite Tiberias is the stronghold of Chal`-at el Chocn, possibly the ancient Hippos, with the village of Fik, the ancient Aphek, on the height to the East. No trace of the name Bethsaida has been found in the district; but any one of the sites named would meet the requirements.To this neighborhood Jesus retired by boat with His disciples to rest awhile. (BJ, I, iv, 8). At the end of the nave is a semicircular apse. To get any further with working out where the event took place (if it took place at all) we can turn to church history. Reland (Pal, II, 806) notes certain extant coins of Gerasa, from which it is clear that in the 2nd century it was a center of the worship of Artemis. Mark 6:45 Immediately he made his disciples get into the boat, and to go ahead to the other side, to Bethsaida, while he himself sent the multitude away. , For those who subscribe to inerrancy, get over yourselves and actually read the text. Tyre: 33.2721571: 35.203278: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 55.56 km: This is doubtless to be identified with the village of Bethsaida in Lower Gaulonitis which the Tetrarch Philip raised to the rank of a city, and called Julias, in honor of Julia, the daughter of Augustus. The city of Gadara is represented today by the ruins of Umm Qeis on the heights south of el-Chummeh-the hot springs in the Yarmuk valley-about 6 miles Southeast of the Sea of Galilee. From the beginning of our work, it was clear that we were excavating the remains of a large, walled settlement of a religious character, undoubtedly a monastery that included a well-built basilica of exceptional quality. The narrow ridge on which the ruins lie runs out toward the Jordan from the uplands of Gilead, with the deep gorge of Wady Yarmuk-Hieromax-on the North, and Wady el `Arab on the South. Josephus gives Pella as the northern boundary of Peraea (BJ, III, iii, 3). A few palms are still to be seen. Gergesenes means "those who come from pilgrimage or fight.". These things, together with the frequent, and sometimes terribly destructive, earthquakes, sufficiently attest the volcanic character of the region. The church itself is, of course, the most impressive structure in the monastery compound. About 2 miles farther West are the hot springs of eT-Tabgha. The narrative in question is the healing of Legion. Gergasa, it has been suggested12, is a transliteration of Kursi, located half way up the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee. These demon-possessed pigs then run headlong into the lake and, presumably, drown. Twitter. , James R. Edwards, The Gospel according to Mark, The Pillar New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: Eerdmans; Apollos, 2002), 154. We discovered these images when we lifted the columns and reopened the blocked doorways. , Which is why I dont buy McRays argument, The problem is in the similarity of spelling in Greek. 2023 Biblical Historical Context. 6.211. Gergesenes means "those who come from pilgrimage or fight."[1]. The healing of Legion is narrated in all three synoptic gospels; they all begin by describing where the event took place: Matthew 8:28 When he came to the other side, to the country of the Gadarenes, two demoniacs coming out of the tombs met him.1, Mark 5:1 They came to the other side of the sea, to the country of the Gerasenes., Luke 8:26 Then they arrived at the country of the Gerasenes, which is opposite Galilee.. Facebook. Click to reveal Driving distance between Capernaum, Israel and Jerusalem, Israel is calculated by google maps and it is 99 mi. Demonology, But Gergesa, from which comes the name the Gergesenes, is an ancient city in the vicinity of the lake which is now called Tiberias. One things for sure: Gergasa, if it can be equated with Kursi, is the most geographically plausible16 reading. Here the mountains recede from the shore, leaving a crescent-shaped plain, largely covered with the ruins of the ancient city. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. This courtyard provided an impressive space to meet, talk and restperhaps on the low benches whose remains we found on the western side. Gerasa and Gadara are accounted for in historical accounts (by writers such as Pliny the Elder and Josephus) and by archaeological research. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Nazareth to Capernaum, It takes 0.04 hours to arrive. 3. At the beginning of the Jewish revolt the country around Gadara was laid waste (BJ, II, xviii, 1). , Joel Marcus, Mark 18: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, vol. Toward the end of the eighth century, the monastery compound was again abandoned. The hot springs, as noted above, are in the bottom of the valley to the North. (ii) The Bethsaida of medieval writers was evidently on the West of the Jordan. He could have followed Mark, but he chose to do something else.9 It seems reasonable to this layman to suggest that maybe Matthew relocated the herd because he knew enough of the geography to say that if this event took place in the country of the Gadarenes the herd couldnt be both on a hillside and close to the shore Gadara was around 5 or 6 miles away from the shore, and the hills that lead from Gadara to the lake are very close to Gadara and a number of miles from the lake. Unless they had moved their residence from Bethsaida to Capernaum, of which there is no record, and which for fishermen was unlikely, Bethsaida must have lain close to Capernaum. Luke 8:26 They arrived at the country of the Gadarenes, which is opposite Galilee. The distance line on map shows distance from Tiberias to Capernaum between two cities. The lower part simply encloses a huge boulder, over 22 feet high. , Johannes P. Louw and Eugene Albert Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains (New York: United Bible Societies, 1996), 716. In their season the wild flowers lavish a wealth of lovely colors upon the surrounding slopes; while bright-blossoming oleanders fringe the shore.Coming westward from the point where the Jordan enters the lake, the mountains approach within a short distance of the sea. Only the mosaic in the baptistery can be dated with certainty. Its Christian residents then abandoned it. Modern methods of agriculture are being employed in the Jewish colonies, which are rapidly increasing in number. The site became apparently known since at least the Early Muslim period as Kursya,[2] the Aramaic word for "chair", and later as Kursi, a word with the same meaning in Arabic,[3] The monks built a walled monastic complex there and made it a destination for Christian pilgrims. This condition is fulfilled only by the district immediately South of Wady Semak, North of Qal `at el-Chucn. This city may be located at et-Tell, a ruined site on the East side of the Jordan on rising ground, fully a mile from the sea. Sohow did this problem arise? 13:1-53. The southern city, therefore, should be understood as "the capital of Peraea" in BJ, IV; vii, 3.Gadara was a member of the DECAPOLIS (which see).W. Well probably never find out what the real deal is, but, as usual with these things, thats only a problem if we subscribe to the patently false doctrine of inerrancy.17. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a1615141b8e2bf0 Its just one of those things. All three of these New Testament variants have solid textual support. , William Arndt et al., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 612. In recent years there has been a considerable revival of this industry. John, writing after 84 A.D., would hardly have used the phrase "Bethsaida of Galilee" of a place only recently attached to that province, writing, as he was, at a distance from the scene, and recalling the former familiar conditions. The rooms on each side of the prayer hall were used for auxiliary purposes. proof that its territory reached the sea. Gergesa was a small and very obscure town nearly opposite Capernaum. v. 37) describe Jesus' healing of the demoniac "Legion" and . The distance is about 19 miles from the river. Distance between Ramat Gan and Capernaum (114,37 km.) 51.91.102.219 ifsi virtual learning. They were both Gentile cities filled with citizens who were culturally more Greek than Semitic; this would account for the pigs in the biblical account. , Donald A. Hagner, Matthew 1-13, vol. Judas of Gamala (Ant., XVIII, i, l) is also called Judas of Galilee (ibid., i, 6). From this disaster it appears soon to have recovered, and the period of its greatest prosperity lay, probably, in the 2nd and 3nd centuries of our era. It was the seat of one of the councils instituted by Gabinius for the government of the Jews (Ant., XIV, v, 4; BJ, I, viii, 5). Many ancient tombs are to be seen in the face of the hills. They refuse to drink from the Jordan, alleging that "who drinks Jordan drinks fever." This street was over 25 feet wide and was paved with carefully cut, black basalt stones. Finding out that biblical hail was actually ice and fire mixed together, which is actually ash blobs. Hippos, Gerasa, and Gadara were all counted in the Decapolis, an informal grouping of Greco-Roman cities just south of the ancient city of Caesarea Philippi. Settlers in the valley thereafter confined themselves to the area immediately on the shore. About halfway up the hill is the towerlike structure mentioned earlier. Still other pilgrimage sites, such as Magdala, have been only recently rediscovered by archaeological excavations after having been entirely forgotten for more than a thousand years. Nearby, halfway up the steep slope was a separate towerlike structure. du Talmud, 45).Centuries of neglect made a sad change in the plain. Jesus gives Kingdom illustrations. GADARA. From the late fifth to the early seventh centuries, all four sides of the compound had entrances. Capernaum area. This tell is crowned by an ancient Canaanite settlement. "The advent of the railway has stirred afresh the pulses of life in the valley. The agreement of these two favors the strict interpretation. , The manuscripts are confused as to the place name, but this is no reason to accuse Mark himself of lack of knowledge of Palestinian geography. R. Alan Cole, Mark: An Introduction and Commentary, vol. Ewing. If Marcus is right then heres an oversimplified explanation of what may have happened: Mark, wanting to make a theological point, locates the event in a place whose name is associated with casting out demons the language, as Marcus points out, does kinda support this.21 This strengthens the exorcism theme of the pericope seems legit. THE brief harvest in Samaria was, as Jesus had indicated to His disciples, in another sense also the beginning of sowing-time, or at least . Alexander Janneus invested the place, and reduced it after a ten months' siege (Ant., XIII, iii, 3; BJ, I, iv, 2). Here a shallow vale breaks northward, bounded on the West by Tell `Areimeh. Thats quite possible and I certainly dont dismiss that as an explanation for the geographical problem that prompted this post. The place might therefore be called with propriety, either "land of the Gerasenes," with reference to the local center, or "land of the Gadarenes," with reference to the superior city. Today they are the modern towns of Jerash and Umm Qais. Storms:The position of the lake makes it liable to sudden storms, the cool air from the uplands rushing down the gorges with great violence and tossing the waters in tumultuous billows. 2, Tyndale New Testament Commentaries (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1989), 158. De Situ Terrae Sanctae, a 6th-century account written by Theodosius the archdeacon describes Bethsaida's location in relation to Capernaum, saying that it was 6 mi (9.7 km) distant from Capernaum. Pompey is said to have restored it, 63 B.C. Capernaum (in the original Hebrew. If you know the geography of the Sea of Galilee at all, its almost entirely surrounded by hills, some of them pretty steep. Some of these it is impossible to identify. Lets be clear: I know zero greek. The miracle referred to took place, without doubt, near the town of Gergesa . (b) To go to the other side-eis to peran (Mark 6:45)-does not of necessity imply passing from the East to the West coast of the lake, since Josephus uses the verb diaperaioo of a passage from Tiberias to Tarichea (Vita, 59). distance from capernaum to gerasenes. The fig and the vine are still cultivated with success. This would exclude Gadara on the Hieromax. The monastery compound lies at the foot of a hill, on a plain by the Sea of Galilee. In some places, the wall actually touches the boulder. The ruins are wide and imposing and are better preserved than any others on the East of Jordan. It is therefore significant that only the Fourth Gospel speaks of "Bethsaida of Galilee. Then Josephus explicitly says that Bethsaida was in Lower Gaulonitis (BJ, II, ix, 1). About 2 miles farther West are the hot springs of eT-Tabgha. A person seated on this bench beholds, through the chapels small prayer hall, an excellent view of the enclosed rock on the terrace below, and, from there, of the monastery at the bottom of the hill and the Sea of Galilee beyond. Why swap out one territory for another? (ii) Medieval works of travel notice only one Bethsaida. The NT references ( Mark 5:1; Luke 8:26; cf. The soil is deep, rich loam, of amazing fertility. Giu 11, 2022 | how to calculate calories per serving in a recipe. Unfortunately, the most severe damage to the mosaics occurred in the nave. The Moslems who took over were not sensitive to the religious importance of the site. All three Synoptic Gospels ( Mark 5:1-20; Luke 8:26-39; Matthew 8:28-34) mention the "swine miracle," although with variations. Slowly, perhaps, but surely, the old order is giving place to the new. According to Luke, the demoniac wears no clothes and lives among the tombs. ), and "the lake" (Luke 5:1, etc.). In any event, the "country of the Gergesenes/Gadarenes/Gerasenes" in the New Testament Gospels refers to some location on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee. Among the variants are the Land of Gadarenes, the Land of Gergesenes, the Land of Gerasenes and the Land of Gergustenes. In about ten minutes the wind fell as suddenly as it had risen. "Jesus of Nazareth" was born in Bethlehem. John 6:1 After these things, Jesus went away to the other side of the sea of Galilee, which is also called the Sea of Tiberias. The factors that led to this site selection were undoubtedly: (1) its location on the eastern shore of the lake; (2) its proximity to an urban center (variously named Gergessa, Gadara and Gerasa); and (3) its topographical setting, in particular the steep hill where the swine herd had presumably been grazing. Kefar-nahum, "Village of Nahum") was a prosperous . Ewing. Here he feeds the 5,000 (Mt 14:14; Mk 6:33; Lk 9:11; Jn 6:5) [6] The disciples return across the Sea of Galilee (Mt 14:22; Mk 6:45), Jesus walking on the water to join them (Mt 14:25; Mk 6:48; Jn 6:19). , Glenn F. Chesnut, Eusebius of Caesarea (Person), ed. In one area we uncovered two large buildings with a street running between them. gad'-a-ra (Gadara): 1. Next, we reach the mouth of Wady Semak, in which lie the ruins of Kurseh, probably representing the ancient Gerasa. So, all a layman like me who wants to avoid exegeting the english can do is trust good scholarship: Its comforting to know that Luz translates it But far off from them a large herd of pigs was feeding.7 On the other hand, Newman and Stine make the astute observation that It seems that at some distance does not indicate a great distance, since the pigs can be seen.8. Country of the Gerasenes:The town itself is not named in Scripture, and is referred to only in the expression, "country of the Gerasenes" (Mark 5:1 Luke 8:26, 37; see Westcott and Hort, The New Testament in Greek, Appendix, 11). It varies in depth from 130 ft. to 148 ft., being deepest along the course of the Jordan (Barrois, PEFS, 1894, 211-20). Well, it seems Eusebius didnt arrive at his Gergesa idea alone; it appears he may have just been following Origens (185-253 CE) commentary on John where we read: Origen, John. Jesus would naturally avoid those in which Greek influences were strong. There are some ruins now on this spot still known by the very slight corruption of Kerzha. A paved street, with double colonnade, ran from East to West. Once it burst from the South. Here a shallow vale breaks northward, bounded on the West by Tell `Areimeh. 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