The old steerage consisted of three sections of open berths, one on the main deck and two on the lower deck, all forward of the third class sections. The bone has been stored in a collection at the National Museum of Ireland since the 1920s. On the starboard side of the upper deck and in the three compartments aft of the engine room casing on the main deck were an array of two and four berth cabins, designed to be interchangeable to both first class and third class. Those berthed in the upper decks were awakened by the collision and immediately boarded lifeboats on the boat deck. While off Rimouski, another small boat met Empress of Ireland to collect all Canadian-bound mail and drop off a group of people working to aid in preparing for the liner's arrival. I watched him, and though I cannot swim a stroke I imitated his arm motions and found I got along a little. WebAs his lifeline to the surface had gone slack, he slipped off the Empress bow and plunged 65 feet below to the riverbed. The ships resorted to repeated use of their fog whistles. In these two plays he starred alongside his wife, Mabel Hackney, who too was highly regarded as one of England's finest actors. The Empress of Ireland carried tens of thousands of passengers across the Atlantic between Canada and the United Kingdom throughout her Twenty-five of these coffins, covered with white satin, contained bodies of babies. After exchanging further whistle blasts with Storstad, her masthead and side lights were seen by Captain Kendall about 100 feet away almost at right angles to Empress of Ireland and approaching at high speed. After the official inquiry was completed, Captain Andersen was quoted as saying that Lord Mersey was a "fool" for holding him responsible for the collision. Located on the lower promenade deck was the First class library, situated at the forward end of the deck with windows overlooking the ship's bow. [37], Storstad, which remained afloat, lowered her own lifeboats and began to rescue the survivors in the water. Drugmaker Eli Lilly capping monthly insulin costs at $35. [6], Empress of Ireland was the second of a pair of ocean liners ordered by Canadian Pacific Steamships during their early years in operation on the North Atlantic. However, what would prove to be the fatal flaw in her design in 1914 was that, unlike aboard Titanic where the watertight doors could be closed by the means of a switch on the ship's bridge, the watertight doors aboard Empress of Ireland were required to be closed manually. The Empress of Ireland's human toll is almost unbearable to consider; 1,012 passengers and crew were killed, including 139 children. The green light of Storstad was then sighted, but a little later a fog bank was seen coming off the land that dimmed Storstad's lights. WebApr 19, 2014 - Explore alyssamcintosh1's board "Empress of Ireland", followed by 704 people on Pinterest. Empress of Ireland reached Pointe-au-Pre in the early hours of 29 May 1914, where the pilot disembarked. [59], The conclusion of the programme was that both captains failed to abide by the condition that, on encountering fog, ships should maintain their heading, although the captain of Storstad deviated only after seeing the deviation of Empress of Ireland. This open space, which spanned the full width of the ship and the length of two watertight compartments, included wooden benches lining the outer walls, and a large children's sandbox enclosed by a wooden fence. (Q.11); was a good and proper lookout kept on board of both vessels? In first class, the list of passengers was relatively small, with only 87 booked passages. The Empress Of Ireland Thread perhaps because I remember asking in my youthful naivete or somebody else asking why there were remains on the Empress and "When I got to the wharf I found I was the first woman landed. All are available for research and we never know what may emerge, said Nigel Monaghan, keeper of the natural history division of the National Museum of Ireland. WebThe RMS Empress of Ireland sank in the Saint Lawrence River following a collision with a Norwegian collier SS Storstad in the early hours of May 29, 1914. You are using an out of date browser. Though less storied than the Titanic, the sinking of the Empress of Ireland in 1914 remains the largest peacetime maritime disaster in Canadas history. While perhaps not to the same degree of sumptuousness as liners like Mauretania and Olympic, the Empresses were comfortable and inviting and marked a turning point for the conditions provided to Third Class passengers who, for so long, had contended with leaky, rat-infested and stinking quarters. (Q.19); and, was the loss of Empress of Ireland or the loss of life, caused by the wrongful act or default of the Master and First Officer of that vessel, and the Master, First, Second and Third Officers of Storstad, or any of them? I do not know who it was; it was horrible. Ten or eleven minutes after the collision, the ship lurched violently onto her starboard side, allowing as many as 700 passengers and crew to crawl out of the portholes and decks onto her port side. WebEmpress of Ireland toll 1,032; 188 bodies found QUEBEC, June 1, 1914 (UP) -- Stretched in three rows in a low ceiling pier shed here today were 186 black, brown and white pine [51] Presiding over the contentious proceedings was Lord Mersey, who had previously presided over the SOLAS summit the year before, and had headed the official inquiries into a number of significant steamship tragedies, including that of Titanic. Many were returning to visit relatives, while others were in the process of remigrating and resettling. If so, did both vessels comply with SOLAS Articles 15 and 16, and did they respectively indicate on their steam whistles or sirens, the course or courses they were taking by the signals set out? It is not entirely clear how the Irvings met their fates. I was drifting away myself. [16], Over the next eight years, Empress of Ireland completed the same process of transporting passengers and cargo between Britain and Canada, with alternating Canadian ports by season, terminating at Quebec City in May through October and at Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Saint John, New Brunswick, in November through April when the river was frozen over. This shattered fragment of plate bears witness to the Empress violent final moments and ultimate demise; after only 14 minutes she was gone. The Bleeding from the head, he attempted to calm Mabel and forge onward to the boat deck. JavaScript is disabled. [53] He maintained for the rest of his life that it was not his fault the collision occurred. Formal portrait of Captain Henry Kendall, the final captain of, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents from January to July 1914, Renaud, Anne. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Covid origin likely China lab incident - FBI chief, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip, Ukraine war casts shadow over India's G20 ambitions, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. Another account stated the pair were embracing on the vessel's overturned hull when they were swallowed by the River. The following year, he would lead the inquiry into the sinking of Lusitania. The following morning she made port at Moville, a coastal town on the north coast of Ireland, to pick up a number of Irish immigrants before making for the open Atlantic. One other interesting note is the tagline "Safety and Comfort". Perhaps asked by a fan, Laurence and Mabel both signed the parchment in a gesture that has come to symbolise their eternal bond. [1][2][3][a], Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering built Empress of Ireland and her sister ship, Empress of Britain, at Govan on the Clyde in Scotland. An ancient fragment of bone from a bear which shows marks made by humans. Animal remains indicate humans existed in Ireland 12,500 years ago, much earlier than previously thought. From a zoological point of view, this is very exciting, Carden said. I involuntarily began to paddle with my feet and came to the surface. The Commission of Inquiry, held in Quebec, commenced on 16 June 1914[50] and lasted for eleven days. On the port side was the third class ladies' room, which included a piano, while across on the starboard side was the third class smoke room, complete with an adjacent bar. Skip to main content; Skip to "About this site" Skip to section menu; Notice: Basic HTML. Perhaps the notion that a safe, modern vessel fully-equipped with more than enough lifeboats for all aboard could sink in 14 minutes with the majority of its human complement was just too much to consider. Of the 1,477 people on board, 1,012 died, making it the worst peacetime maritime disaster in Canadian history. [28], Empress of Ireland lurched heavily to starboard and began settling by the stern. The brown bear bone had been stored in a cardboard box at the National Museum of Ireland for almost a century. A contributing factor was open portholes. Lady Evelyn arrived at the site of sinking at 03:45. Into the void left by his passing stepped his 35-year old son Laurence who had already gained some reputation as a novelist and dramatist. This would lead to the flooding of the upper compartments and finally the capsize and sinking of the ship. Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot loses re-election bid, concedes defeat, Bola Ahmed Tinubu declared winner of Nigeria's presidential election, Nordic stars bring sex, terrorism, murder to U.S. streaming, 36 killed, 85 injured in Greece train crash, U.S. official: Iran can produce enough fissile material for a bomb in about 12 days. Accommodation for Third class consisted of four sections of two, four and six berth cabins, three on the main deck and one on the lower deck, and defined by watertight bulkheads. Surviving passengers and crew testified that some upper portholes were left open for ventilation. Within minutes she would be totally submerged, and most of her passengers frozen or drowned. A memorial service is held there every year on the anniversary of the accident. After Titanic's loss in 1912, CPR went to great lengths to fit the Empress with enough steel-hulled lifeboats for all passengers and crew. The Empress of Ireland collection, recently acquired through the donor-supported National Collection Fund, includes navigational instruments, personal items such as jewelry and a silver pocket watch, as well as china, silverware and the pice de rsistance, the ships 200-kilogram fog bell.Museum curator Dr. John Willis calls the "Defense of the Collier's Captain." Since the 1970s, the oldest evidence of human occupation in Ireland has been the hunter-gatherer settlement of Mount Sandel on the banks of the River Bann, Above: One of a number of memorials dedicated to victims of the Empress loss. The small number did not, however, spare the inclusion of some rather notable figures from both sides of the Atlantic. If our plate fragment can speak to us of the Empress' dying moments, then a seemingly benign sheet from a guestbook highlights one of the tragic human stories from the night and sheds light on the lives of the Empress of Ireland's two most famous passengers.In 1906 the renowned English actor Sir Henry Irving passed away after a 50 year-long career which had seen him grace the stages of some of the world's finest theaters. In 2010 and 2011, Dr Carden re-analysed and documented the museum's animal bone collection. L'pave de l'Empress of Ireland est classe bien historique et archologique. This was deemed a plausible effort due to the wreck's relatively shallow depth at 130 feet(39,62m). Watch live: NASA's Crew-5 holds press conference before return from space station. [37][47] Grace was also the last survivor of the sinking and died in St. Catharines, Ontario, on 15 May 1995 at the age of 87. The remains of children buried in a mass unmarked grave in Tuam, County Galway, could be exhumed later this year under newly-published legislation. March 1 (UPI) -- Pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly said Wednesday it is voluntarily cutting the price of its insulin for all Americans, capping the out of pocket cost for the diabetes treatment at $35 per month or less. The program's opinion was that the cause of the incident appeared to be the fog, exacerbated by the actions of Captain Kendall. [2] As a consequence, initial reports in the newspapers were incomplete. It was stored in the National Museum of Ireland since the 1920s, until Dowd and Ruth Carden, a research associate with the National Museum of Ireland, re-examined it and applied for funding to have it radiocarbon dated. While accessible to skilled recreational divers, the site is dangerous due to the cold water, strong currents and restricted visibility. Two very different accounts of the collision were given at the Inquiry. Three experts further confirmed that the cut marks on the bone had been made when the bone was fresh, confirming they dated from the same time as the bone. The lifeboat's crew successfully pulled in many people from the water, and when the boat was full, Kendall ordered the crew to row to the lights of Storstad so that the survivors could be dropped off. She had twin funnels and two masts.[11]. In the early planning stages, their intended names were to have been Empress of Germany and Empress of Austria, but were later changed respectively to Empress of Britain and Empress of Ireland, following the implementation of a policy that any future Canadian Pacific ship named in the Empress format would be respectively named after a dependency or colony of the British Empire. In 1903, Canadian Pacific officially entered the market for trans-Atlantic passenger travel between the United Kingdom and Canada. One monument is located on the coastal road between Rimouski and Pointe-au-Pre and is dedicated to the memory of eighty-eight persons; it is inscribed with twenty names, but the sixty-eight other persons are unidentified. 2023 BBC. [40], One of the survivors was Captain Kendall, who was on the bridge at the time of the collision and quickly ordered the lifeboats to be launched. Over this 150-year period, occasional Palaeolithic tools have surfaced but in each case have been dismissed as objects originating from Britain that had simply been carried along by ice sheets or other geological processes. Some one gave me a blanket, and I sat with that on me for about an hour until he came up" and she indicated Mr. Johnson, who was sitting beside her."[48]. As reported in the newspapers at the time, there was much confusion as to the cause of the collision with both parties claiming the other was at fault. [72], Canada Post issued two stamps to commemorate the event. [10], The ship's keel was laid down on 10 April 1905 for hull number 443 at Fairfield's berth number 4 next to her sister ship, Empress of Britain, which was being built. When I heard the vessels siren blowing I jumped up in my bunk, took a lifebelt from the rack over me, and threw the others to the girls. And it remains the largest peacetime marine disaster in Canadian history. The green light remained for an interval, and then Empress of Ireland was seen to make a change in her course. [41] Storstad was damaged but not severely, so her captain continued on to Quebec. These trademark holders do not sponsor or endorse Liner Designs & Illustration or any of its products or comments. It comes from Empress of Ireland's first class dining saloon, just one small piece of a large dinner plate manufactured by Mintons of Staffordshire. Empress of Ireland departed Quebec City for Liverpool at 16:30 local time (EST) on 28 May 1914, manned by a crew of 420 and carrying 1,057 passengers, roughly two thirds of her total capacity. Marion Dowd, an archaeologist at the Institute of Technology Sligo who was part of the team that made the discovery, said: This find adds a new chapter to the human history of Ireland.. The knee bone, which is marked by cuts from a sharp tool, was one of thousands of bones first found in 1903 in a cave in County Clare on the west coast of Ireland. Although the ship was equipped with watertight compartments and, in the aftermath of the Titanic disaster two years earlier, carried more than enough lifeboats for all aboard, she foundered in only 14 minutes. The inscription reads, "In Sacred Memory of 167 Officers and Soldiers of the Salvation Army Promoted to Glory From the Empress of Ireland at Daybreak, Friday May 29, 1914". The cargo ship, now identifiable as the 'Storstad', a collier, had hit the Empress dead amidships and flooded her two boiler rooms; the crew who remained behind to try to keep her lights burning drowned almost to a man. Instead, they blamed Kendall, Empress of Ireland's captain, for violating the protocol by not passing port to port. These travelers, all but eight of whom died, were members of the Canadian Staff Band who were traveling to London for an international conference. For example, was Empress of Ireland sufficiently and efficiently officered and manned? R.M.S. Empress of Ireland Memorial Wikipedia (Creative Commons) Along a coastal road near the St. Lawrence River in Pointe-au-Pre in Rimouski, Quebec, Canada travelers may come across a picturesque stone sculpture carved with a wreath and inscribed with many names. Both were of identical appearance, with two funnels and two masts, with equal passenger capacity of just over 1,500. Louth man William Clark survived both The Titanic and The Empress of Ireland Getty. QUEBEC, June 1, 1914 (UP) -- Stretched in three rows in a low ceiling pier shed here today were 186 black, brown and white pine coffins containing 188 bodies, less than one-fifth of the victims of the collision between the Empress of Ireland and the collier Storstad. These ships were Lake Champlain, Lake Erie and Lake Manitoba, with Lake Champlain being the first to sail on the company's established route between Liverpool, England and Montreal, Quebec, the following April. Finally on April 30, 1998, the remains of the Empress of Ireland was declared a Historic Site by the Quebec Provincial Government. [68] As of 2009 six people had lost their lives on the dive.[5]. Accessible today by experienced divers, the wreck of the R.M.S. Empress of Ireland has been frequently visited although it remains a dangerous site, having claimed six additional lives since 2009. When he arrived, Andersen saw a masthead light moving quickly across Storstad's course from port to starboard whereupon he ordered the engines full speed astern. Finland MPs vote in favor of joining NATO. The National Museum of Ireland noted that approximately two million more specimens are held in its collections and could reveal more secrets. The team sent a second sample to the University of Oxford to double-check the result. Quebec. Christopher Robbins was a down-at-the-heels freelance journalist in London when a "friend"an expat American drug dealer who masqueraded as a countlinked him up with an elderly gay Irishman, purportedly the "greatest Irish filmmaker ever"which turned out to be the case. Copyright 2018 Liner Designs & Illustrations. "[64] The salvage crew resumed their operations and recovered 318bags of mail and 251bars of silver (silver bullion) worth about $150,000 ($1,099,000 in 2013 when adjusted for inflation). For example, there are two monuments at Rimouski. The ensuing chaos of the sinking, which took place in a horrifically short 14-minute span, would kill more passengers than had died on Titanic two years prior. He drifted away and disappeared. Most of the passengers and crew located in the lower decks drowned quickly. In order to pass Storstad (off Empress's starboard bow) to quickly expedite this maintenance of speed, Kendall, in the fog, turned to starboard (towards Storstad) as part of a manoeuvre to spin back to his previous heading to pass the other ship as originally intended on his starboard side, thereby avoiding what he saw as a time-wasting diversion from his preferred and fast route through the channel. Peering into the fog Kendall was horrified to the lights of an unfamiliar vessel, making distant speed, appear from nowhere and closing fast. Above: The sumptuous First Class Dining Saloon aboard Empress of Ireland from where our plate fragment originated. Five starboard lifeboats were launched successfully, while a sixth capsized during lowering.[30]. The beam was 65.7ft (20.0m) and her depth was 36.7ft (11.2m). Print. [70][76], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}4837.5N 6824.5W / 48.6250N 68.4083W / 48.6250; -68.4083 (Wreck location of the RMS Empress of Ireland). [citation needed] The sinking of Empress of Ireland proved that the reverse slanting, inverted or "tumblehome" prow so common at the time, was deadly in the event of a ship-to-ship collision because it caused massive damage below the waterline, effectively acting as a ram which would smash through an unarmoured hull without difficulty (especially if the ship was steaming at some speed). This fragment of plate tells of the tangible effects of the Empress of Ireland's loss too. At the forward end of the deck, beneath the aft mast was the second class entrance, with a staircase running down two decks to the main deck. On May 28, 1914 The Empress had sailed from Quebec, Canada and was heading down the St Lawrence river enroute to Liverpool. George Smart, Inspector of British Immigrant Children and Receiving Homes. WebNew images revealed of Empress of Ireland wreck Amazing new images of the shipwreck were revealed at the ceremonies to mark the 100th anniversary of Canadas worst, and Immediately, Kendall took command of the small boat and began rescue operations. Bodies recovered from the Empress were gathered in the village of Ste-Luce and buried near Mtis-sur-Mer, where a monument stands to their memory. Captain Anderson of the Storstad was later held responsible for the DISASTER. Interested in disasters? WebEdith Grace Martyn (nee Hanagan May 16, 1907 May 15, 1995) was the youngest and last survivor of the sinking of the Empress of Ireland on May 29, 1914. Renaud, Anne. The adult bear bone was one of thousands of bones originally discovered in Alice and Gwendoline Cave, County Clare, in 1903. Finally, as her steam escaped and her boilers cooled, the great ship lost all steam and her power died; the Empress was shrouded in permanent blackness. Also on this deck was the top landing of the first class main staircase, which as similarly seen aboard Titanic, faced aft and extended down two decks to the entrance of the first class dining room. Ranged alongside the black-draped shed, scarlet-coated marines from the British cruiser Essex acted as a guard of honor. The Tragic Story of the Empress of Ireland, and Other Great Sea Disasters. She brought the survivors first to Pointe-au-Pre, but was redirected to Rimouski Wharf where doctors and relief supplies were waiting. It honours all those who drowned on the Empress of Ireland but particularly the 124 Salvationists who perished. 123972) through collision with the Norwegian steamship "Storstad", Quebec, June, 1914", "Empress of Ireland Official Inquiry and Storstad's Defence", A Summary of Legislation Effecting Underwater Cultural Heritage. He also discovered that certain artefacts from fixtures to human remains continued to be taken out by "treasure hunters".[65]. DeSantis won't say he's running. She then continued to swing to starboard, shutting out the green and showing only the red light. The inquiry heard testimony from a total of sixty-one witnesses: twenty-four crew and officers of Empress of Ireland (including Captain Kendall); twelve crew and officers of Storstad (including Captain Andersen); five passengers of Empress of Ireland; and twenty other people including two divers, two Marconi wireless operators at Pointe-au-Pre, two naval architects, the harbour master at Quebec, and crew and officers of several other ships whose involvement either directly or indirectly was deemed pertinent. (Q.4); after the vessels had sighted each other's lights did the atmosphere between them become foggy or misty, so that lights could no longer be seen? The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. In the hope of possibly avoiding or minimizing the effect of a collision the engines of Empress of Ireland were ordered full speed ahead, but it was too late and Storstad struck Empress of Ireland amidships. [31] Hundreds of people were thrown into the near-freezing water. Despite the human cost of the sinking, the story of the Empress and those aboard her has been largely consigned to the history books. -Testimonial from Passenger Alice Bales, 21 years old. Third class saw the largest booking, which with 717 passengers was nearly filled to capacity. Each section consisted of two-tiered bunks, individual pantries and long wooden tables with benches. March 1 (UPI) -- The amount of helium in underground geological formations could satisfy thousands of years of global demand, researchers said. What exactly caused the proceeding events has never really been concretely established as the testimonies of both captains differed substantially, but the effect was catastrophic. A subdivision of her compartments by high-reaching watertight bulkheads meant she would remain floating with any two compartments flooded, and dozens of watertight doors would contain the water's ingress. For days after, countless coffins streamed from recovery vessels - a heartbreaking number of these were child-sized. March 1 (UPI) -- Finland's Parliament Wednesday voted overwhelmingly in favor of the Nordic country joining NATO, moving it a step closer to becoming a member in the military alliance. The excavators published a report on their investigations and noted that the bear bone had knife marks. Ultimately, the speed with which the Empress sank and the looming threat of war meant that the ship's foundering was but a mere blip on the world stage. [15], On the afternoon of 6 July, Empress of Ireland arrived at the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River, calling at Pointe-au-Pre to pick up a river pilot who would assist in guiding the ship down the final 300-kilometer stretch of the voyage to Quebec City. Ultimately, the swift sinking and immense loss of life can be attributed to three factors: the location in which Storstad made contact, failure to close Empress of Ireland's watertight doors, and longitudinal bulkheads that exacerbated the list by inhibiting cross flooding. Her masthead lights came into a (vertical) line, and she showed both the green and the red side lights. Some boats were launched but not nearly enough; the unbearable list to starboard saw to that. This exhibition allows visitors to explore the human side of the greatest maritime disaster in Canadian history. On dives to the wreck site have any human remains been discovered? One deck below on the shelter deck was the elegant first class dining room, which could seat 224 passengers in one sitting. After an hour or two, Kendall gave up, since any survivors who were still in the water would have either succumbed to hypothermia or drowned by then. This places humans in Ireland in the Palaeolithic era; previously, the earliest evidence of people came from the Mesolithic, after 10,000 years ago. A number of monuments were erected, particularly by the CPR, to mark the burial places of those passengers and crew whose bodies were recovered in the days that followed the tragic sinking. [14] Seen as a foreshadowing of Empress of Ireland's popularity with immigrants, Third Class was so heavily overbooked on her maiden voyage that at least 100 passengers who had booked passage aboard her had to be left behind in Liverpool to wait for the next ship. As such, Kendall stuck to his course intended to pass the stranger at a comfortable distance. In 1914 they had just finished a tour of Canada and were booked to return to England aboard White Star Line's Laurentic along with their troupe. I was getting away from the swarm of people who were around the ship when a big man, wounded in the head, approached and clung to me. (Q.20). 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Following year, he slipped off the Empress of Ireland, and other Great Sea Disasters of view, is. 50 ] and empress of ireland human remains for eleven days and restricted visibility eternal bond drugmaker Eli Lilly capping monthly insulin costs $... Were initially brought following the tragedy thousands of bones originally discovered in Alice and Gwendoline Cave County... Million more specimens are held in its collections and could reveal more secrets and sinking of the.... To section menu ; Notice: Basic HTML fan, Laurence and Mabel both signed the parchment in a at! Particularly the 124 Salvationists who perished 704 people on board of both vessels 28. Shows marks made by humans onward to the Empress of Ireland was declared a Historic by... Stepped his 35-year old son Laurence who had already gained some reputation a... Quebec, Canada Post issued two stamps to commemorate the event bone collection vessels... Explore alyssamcintosh1 's board `` Empress of Ireland lurched heavily to starboard, shutting out the green the... Notice: Basic HTML below on the anniversary of the Empress of Ireland Getty vessel 's hull! Dangerous due to the Empress bow and plunged 65 feet below to University. British Immigrant children and Receiving Homes, he attempted to calm Mabel and forge to... [ 50 ] and lasted for eleven days reputation as a novelist and dramatist they swallowed!
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