Those who survived the trip and could not be accommodated in the Grosse le hospitals were transferred to Windmill Point, another quarantine area where almost 6,000 Irish people died from typhus. Irish Catholics would fight fiercely to preserve a distinct identity from both Quebec Protestants and French Canadian Catholic populations. Other parts of Canada also attracted these migrants. The Irish largely settled in the south-east separate from the English towns in the north and retained their own cultural identity. They asked - and were granted - permission to raise a Black Stone (officially called the Irish Commemorative Stone) and you can see this today on the Montreal end . It was also to become the setting of the most tragic events in Canadian Between 1832 and 1937, Grosse les term of operation, the official register lists 7,480 burials on the island. Canadian immigration history dates back to the 17th century when the The Irish immigrants who entered the United States from the sixteenth to twentieth centuries were changed by America, and also changed this nation. So great was the number of Irish in France in the 16th century that the Irish College in Paris was established in 1578 to educate children of Irish exiles who were denied a Catholic education by British authorities in Ireland. There were ~800,000 people in the province of Quebec in the mid 1800's, and the British brought 800,000 Irish immigrants in through Quebec. Strong political and military links between France and Ireland meant that Irish soldiers served in French Canada both during and after colonisation. In 1847 alone, 5,424 burials took place, the majority were Irish immigrants. With the hospital only equipped for 150 cases of fever, the situation quickly spun out of control. No such alliance materialised, however. In 1847 alone, close to 100 000 arrived in Grosse Isle, an island in present-day Quebec which housed the immigration reception station. He took the sting out of this move by simultaneously running a campaign against public recognition of the Orange Order. Doctors, nurses, priests and even the Mayor of Montreal died alongside The music of Quebec has adopted, and adapted, the Irish reel as its own. Reply [deleted] Additional comment actions . In the tragic year of 1847, the total number of deaths among emigrants heading for Quebec City is estimated at 17,477, of which the vast majority were Irish. James Louis ODonel to formally establish the Catholic Church on the island. The truth is otherwise. In 1760, Qubec had 65,000 inhabitants. As a result, Catholic school boards became enshrined in the Canadian Constitution in 1867. In 1846, an estimated 33,000 people of all nationalities landed at Grosse Isle. The famine also radicalized a portion of the Irish population. offering "industrious farmers and useful mechanics" the opportunity to especially in the St. Francis Valley. In 1831 alone, 34,000 Irish immigrants arrived in Quebec. attracted the Irish to Newfoundland while a combination of the timber trade and farming attracted them to Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island in Atlantic Canada and to Ontario and their illness on the boats they arrived in, for conditions onboard were Many were Catholic, and in 1833, since religion was then a more insurmountable barrier than language, they set up their own English-language church, St. Patricks in Old Qubec, which was distinct from the churches attended by British Protestants and Anglicans. Attracting a very large crowd, the parade was led by three beautiful white horses which wore green saddles as well as green ribbon streamers. Any information respecting them would be thankfully received by their brother William Taylor at this office. In 1831 alone, 34,000 Irish immigrants arrived in Quebec. The Irish began spreading throughout the known English world (commonwealths, Colonies and Britain). This Irish influence made its way into the islands spoken language and is still evident today. The records of James Allison are part of a larger collection called the "Nielson Collection". After the British defeat in the American Revolution (1765-1783), many Loyalist refugees made their way to Canada. Far from being powerless victims, they planned their departure carefully and were highly knowledgeable on Many of their 20th century institutions were concentrated in this neighbourhood. arrive in significant numbers until the 18th century. CANADA. Copyright Claire Santry 2008-2023 Irish-Genealogy-Toolkit.com. Then they created an institution of their own to help orphans, the destitute, and the elderly: Saint Brigids Home opened in 1856. Figure 10.2 Quebec was the main point of entry for immigration to British North America through the pre-Confederation period. Aram Pothier, an immigrant from Quebec, is elected governor of Rhode Island with strong support from . Thousands of Irish immigrants came to Canada, especially in the 1800s. A Limerick magistrate who travelled on an emigrant ship described hundreds of poor people huddled together, without light, without air, wallowing in filth, and breathing a fetid atmosphere, sick in body, dispirited in heart. Conditions on the island itself were no better. See page 2: Irish emigration in the 19th century Contents of Irish emigration section The Irish immigrants were majority Protestant before the Irish famine years of the late 1840s, when far more Catholics than Protestants arrived. You can search the Passenger Lists and Border Entries, 1925-1935 - Nominal Indexes database. Irish migration Migration from Great Britain to Canada had been ongoing for much of the early 19th Century. You can also donate online by clicking the Donate button below. However, before this happened, Irish settlers already living in eastern and mid Canada, moved west, even before The Irish were no exception. The relationship between the French and the Irish in Quebec had its origins in the armies of France in which many exiled Irish chiefs and soldiers served, often forming distinct regiments. Step into a world of glamour at Dublin's most stylish townhouse, Number 31, Irish American woman's 50-year-old cold case murder finally solved, Joe Biden honors "grit and determination" proclaiming Irish American Heritage Month, Ireland and Northern Ireland pols react after Northern Ireland Protocol "breakthrough", Ireland Womens National Team heading to the US this spring for two friendlies, In praise of Ireland's exciting and diverse future, On This Day: Barry McGuigan, The Clones Cyclone, was born, Patrick J. Kennedy to receive Sober St. Patrick's Day award, Irish Americans continue to maintain strong bond with Irish roots, survey finds. It took up to five days to see a doctor, many of whom were becoming ill from contact with the typhus-infected passengers. Money sent home by emigrants lifted many out of poverty in Ireland. after sailing ships gave way to steamships and Canada had a transcontinental railway. In 1866, the Fenians staged an invasion of Canada with the aim of causing tension between the United States and Britain. In 1847, 50 people a day died of typhus at Grosse le. When shipbuilding and the timber trade, both mainstays of the citys economy, collapsed in the 1870s, many Irish workers moved on and Qubec Citys Irish population had settled around 5,000 by the early 20th century. Within the week 16 others followed Ellen in death: Nancy Riley, 24, Thomas Coner, 40, Edward Ryley, 30, Ellen Murtilly, 50, Ellen Murtilly, 46, John Colville, 84, James Managin, 55, Patrick Fagan, 13, Patrick Jordan, 8, Mary Mark, 2, Eliza Whalen, 3: Ann Hooper, 10, Thers. [5][6] Only 10 colonists had arrived from Ireland directly. The famine immigrants tended to remain in the towns and cities; and by 1871, the Irish were the largest ethnic group in every large town and city of Canada, with the exceptions of Montral and Qubec City. Were landed in Quebec about 5 weeks ago, their mother having been detained at Grosse Isle. Letter from A.W. With the help of Quebec's Irish Catholic Church led by priests such as Father Patrick Dowd, they would establish their own churches, schools, and hospitals. It soon became a place where the whole community could meet. Today, the island is a National Historic Site that serves as a Famine memorial. Merchants recognized they could make extra profit if, instead of So, in 1832, authorities opened a quarantine station at Grosse le, a deserted island in the Gulf of St Lawrence near Quebec City. Douglas erected a monument at Grosse le in memory of all those who died. "Language, monuments, and the politics of memory in Quebec and Ireland", in. Many Grey Nuns also contracted illnesses themselves. The layout of buildings, monuments, and the provision of services by Parks Canada have been configured accordingly as theIrish Memorial National Historic Site of Canada. played their part in early Newfoundland history, the Irish didn't Despite the dangers posed by the starving and sick Irish, the Canadian people showed them great generosity. Many of these immigrants were Irish Catholics. The Family Tree Irish Genealogy Guide paperback, Passenger Lists of Peter Robinson's Irish settlers 1823-1825, coffin ships in Canadian immigration history. In the seventeenth century, Irish residing in France were among those sent to colonize the Saint Lawrence Valley in New France. Many were ill or travelling on to other Canadian or American cities. The first people to leave Ireland in large numbers were Presbyterians. This list names a small portion of those who were buried at sea during 1847. When workers began construction of the Victoria Bridge in the area in 1859, they uncovered the remains of immigrants who had died of ship fever at Windmill Point. Some of those babies listed below for the year 1847 may have been born aboard ship. Plans to create a memorial park commemorating the Irish famine immigrants who died from typhus during the 'Summer of Sorrow' appear to be in trouble. [3] Many others have assimilated into the French-speaking majority population. The girl had wandered into the city of Montreal and was apprehended by a policeman to keep citizens away from her for fear of contamination. la St-Patrick, tout le monde est irlandais! The progressive integration of Qubec Citys Irish community into the French Canadian majority was eased by the religion they shared: 90% were Catholic at the start of the 20th century. Irish Canadian Emigration Records, 1823-1849 [database on-line]. McGee left Ireland for America after participating in the rebellion of 1848. From 1841 to World War II, some estimates conclude that 4.5 million Irish came to the United . Dedicated to helping YOU discover your Irish Heritage. The island was ill-equipped, to say the least. Ireland. According to John Loye, his grandmother Margaret Dowling witnessed a young Irish girl, stricken by the diseasedressed in a nightgown and holding a tin cup in her hand.. By May, fifty people were dying daily, and a thousand sick patients inhabited the island. Wsst ren aktuelle Status a benotzt den uewe genannte Guide fir de genaue Kanada Immigratiounsvisa Programm ze kennen fir . The emigrants. [1], In the city of Montreal, there are 92,145 people of declared Irish heritage.[2]. promise of at least 200 acres of land per household. O'Gallagher, Marianna and Rose Masson Dompierre (1995). Much of what he's pieced together from. Since its colonisation, Canada had evolved into independent territories, but the mood was changing. Accounts such as these, however, are a mere prequel to the story of the Irish in Canada. On May 31, 1847, forty ships lay off Grosse le with 12,500 passengers packed as human ballast. A good-natured and sociable man who was passionate about Canadian interests, he left his mark on the political landscape. The Irish In Mid-Nineteenth-Century Canada and The Case Of Quebec:Immigration and Settlement in a Catholic City(RobertJohnGrace,Universit Laval1999). The Irish Uprising of 1798 created tensions among the Irish which led to a revolt in 1800 but ODonel managed to contain the unrest. About one-sixth of Irish passengers died during their voyage or shortly after landing. By 1851 Quebec's Irish immigrant population was twice that of the English and Scottish immigrant populations combined. In 1846, approximately 33,000 people of all nationalities landed at Grosse le. dominant in Ontario and New Brunswick and in Quebec they outnumbered the combined total of Scottish and English immigrants. Advertisement in Montreal Transcript, 11 September 1847: "Information wanted of Abraham Taylor, aged 12 years, Samuel Taylor, 10 years, and George Taylor, 8 years old, from county Leitrim, Ireland. Elizabeth departed from Cork Harbor, Cork, Ireland 18 May 1825 and arrived in Quebec City, Canada, at the end of June. The annual Saint Patricks Day parade starts outside its doors every March. British industrialisation also took its toll. From 1816 to 1860, it is estimated that over a million immigrants - 60% of them Irish - passed through the ports of Quebec City and Montreal. The potato crop failed fourteen times between 1816 and 1845. No wonder the immigration ships from Ireland became known as 'coffin ships'. Article first appeared on www.oldmooresalmanac.com, See More: By the 1870s, Irish immigrants were the largest ethnic group in every town and city in Canada apart from Montreal and Quebec. They intended to capture and hold "Britain's American The famine brought a surge in Irish immigrants. These workers would spend the summer in Newfoundland, travelling back to Ireland for the winter. Irish Immigrants in America. Researcher Charles Boberg at McGill University says that the Irish are the earliest social group to immigrate in large numbers. In fact, from 1815 until the beginning of the famine in 1846, a staggering number of people left the country. It became a national historic park in 1993; four years later the government erected a memorial commemorating the Irish who died there in 1847. Irish from Quebec would also settle in communities such as Frampton, Saint Sylvestre, and Saint Patrick in the Beauce region of southeastern Quebec. In 1847, 100,000 Irish people traveled to Grosse le to escape starvation, unaware of the hardships they would encounter upon arrival. Serving with the French forces in New France, many Irish soldiers concealed their identity from British forces by changing their names to French-sounding ones. Photographed by Andrew Merrilees. Please send your donation to: The Canadian Irish Studies Foundation Irish immigration into Canada really escalated at the turn of the 19th Century immediately following the Napoleonic Wars. The Irish Republican Brotherhood was founded in Ireland; America saw the birth of the Fenian Brotherhood. In 2016, there were 446,215 Quebecers who identified themselves as having partial or exclusive Irish descent in Quebec, representing 5.46% of the population. Religious and ethnic differences were a feature of life in Canada because of its colonisation by both France and Britain. Canada is home to many celebrations on March 17, one of the most prominent being Montreal's St. Patrick's Day parade - the oldest of its kind in North America. That figure contrasts sharply with the million Irish souls who travelled there during and immediately after the famine. They ought to have accommodation for 2,000 sick at least at Montreal and Quebec, as all the Cork and Liverpool passengers are half dead from starvation and want before embarking.. The famine migration (184752) marks the last large movement of the Irish to Canada (see Irish Famine Orph ans in Canada ). As the century wore on, the numbers of arrivals increased. In the seventeenth century, English ships bound for far-off lands would call to Waterford for supplies of food. Most were of French origin. The Irish Post is the biggest selling national newspaper to the Irish in Britain. Of the 1,100 victims, 675 names have been recovered so far. In 1909, a Celtic cross was erected on the island to commemorate the tragedy. In 1830, about 30,000 immigrants arrived in Quebec, and two-thirds were Irish. the economic advantages which Canada offered. Show more McGee was assassinated by Fenians as a traitor in 1868. downriver from Quebec City. Your support will help to teach students and the general public about the culture of Ireland and the rich history of the Irish in Canada. So many Irish immigrants worked on large construction projects that it could almost be said the Irish built Canada. A military cordon had to be established around the area of the sheds to contain the infected immigrants, Loye said. Between May and October of 1847, more than 38,000 Irish people arrived at the Toronto waterfront. Established in 1836. Kathleen McGowan, "Building Admaston: A Look At How Irish Famine Immigrants Affected the Demography of Admaston Township, 1851" (unpublished senior undergraduate paper . It is a tale of how hope and hard work gave Canada its stalwart Irish population. More and more ships arrived at Grosse le each day, sometimes lining up for miles down the St. Lawrence River throughout the summer. From 1815 onwards, Catholic emigration became more prevalent. All rights reserved. Many more Irish emigrated from Britain, but because Britain was the point of departure, they were counted as British, not Irish, in immigration . Share your favorite stories with other history buffs in the IrishCentral History Facebook group. By the 1870s, Irish immigrants were the largest ethnic group in every town and city in Canada apart from Montreal and Quebec. They stayed in Canada to avoid the charge of treason against the British crown. Life and Death on Grosse le, 1832-1937 In April 1868, a Fenian sympathiser assasinated McGee. The World of an Irish Merchant Migrant to the Canadas, 1830-43: The Memoir of David Blair Little A. Byrne History Immigrants & Minorities 2019 ABSTRACT In May 1830, a previously unknown Ulster merchant left Derry on a ship bound for Canada. Love Irish history? An indeterminate number of Irish people were among these numbers. They and their descendants made incalculable contributions in politics, industry, organized labor, religion, literature, music, and art. From 1816 to 1860, it is estimated that over a million immigrants - 60% of them Irish - passed through the ports of Quebec City and Montreal. When it came to Irish cultural identities, both orange and green were represented there, with conflict erupting at times. Description: Using published and online primary sources, uncover the story of the migration of the Irish to Canada before and during The Great Famine. Consider using search terms like Quebec, Canada, French Canadian, immigration, emigration, etc. The Grosse le Celtic Cross, erected by the Ancient Order of Hibernians in 1909, bears an inscription in Irish commemorating the victims of the epidemic and condemning colonial rule. The Irish have been part of the fabric of Canadian society since John Cabot arrived in Newfoundland at the end of the fifteenth century. Eamonn, who was a tireless advocate for Irish immigrants, died in 2013. These increasing waves of immigration were not without their problems, however. She was four years and three months old. We cant say for sure whether this account is true. [7] In the early eighteenth century, many Irish Catholics arrived from New England seeking to practice their religion more freely. During the Seven Years' War, French authorities also encouraged desertion among the Irish serving in the British army in North America. [10] In Quebec, most Irish Catholics settled close to the harbour in the Lower Town working in the shipyards and on the wharves. In the tragic year of 1847, the total number of deaths among emigrants heading for Quebec City is estimated at 17,477, of which the vast majority were Irish. The influx of unskilled Irish immigrants into New York City in the 1840s and early 1850s drives down wages for other workers at the low end of the salary ladder. In fact, the crop failed to various degrees all over the country throughout the 1830s, though no one is sure exactly when the blight that caused the successive crop failures of 1845-49 arrived in Ireland. In 1908 Aram Pothier, an immigrant from Quebec, is elected governor of Rhode Island with strong support from the Qubcois community. In regards to Canada, immigrants would set off from the major port cities in Ireland (Dublin) or England (Liverpool), towards Canada's East Coast. [8] Most of these emigrants would come to cities in Lower Canada, establishing Irish communities in Montreal (1817)[9] and Quebec City (1819). returning to North America with empty vessels after delivering their But as the political and economic situation in Ireland deteriorated in the mid-1800s, people from all strata of society began to emigrate. Today, Newfoundland is the most Irish place in the world outside of Ireland. By the 1870s, Irish immigrants were the largest ethnic group in every town and city in Canada apart from Montreal and Quebec. came from the south and west, many being Catholics. Gallagher, "The Irish Immigration of 1847", United Irish Societies of Montreal - Organizers of Montreal's St Patrick's parade. Hastily built, the quarantine hospitals lacked proper sanitation, supplies, and space to accommodate all the sick patients. The third wave began in the 1840's. From census data from US during the Gilded Age, in the 1860's the total number of Irish born immigrants . On May 31, 1847, 40 ships lay off Grosse le with 12,500 passengers packed as human ballast. The Saint Patrick's Society would be revived as a Catholic organization in 1856. These huge waves of immigration were concurrent with cholera epidemics in Great Britain and Europe. Each household was given a cow, basic implements and three bushels of The first ship arrived in March and filled the hospital to capacity 200 of its 240 passengers had succumbed to typhus. They were especially 1,859 Irish people settled in the Newcastle district of Ontario; 67 settled in the Bathurst . After wave after wave of immigrationoften in dramatic circumstancesin the 19th century, the Irish who settled in numbers in Qubec City went on to gradually improve their lot. These are listed by name, date of their, date of baptism, and home county. It is believed that over 3,000 Irish people died on the island and over 5,000 are buried in the cemetery there. In 1831 alone, 34,000 Irish immigrants arrived in Quebec. Ville de Qubec, Some 300 new settlers took up the challenge, arriving in Halifax, this could relieve what they believed to be the over-population of Irish culture and community organizations are mostly kept alive by the English-speaking population such as the United Irish Societies of Montreal. emigrate to British North America (as Canada was then known) with the The Fenian movement in Ireland and the United States sought to overthrow British rule in Ireland. Most went to America, but a significant minority went to Canada and established themselves in Ontario where they left a lasting impression on that citys culture and politics. The Montreal population was more transient, attracted to labor in large construction projects such as the Lachine Canal before moving on to Upper Canada and the United States. In that same year, over 5,000 Irish people on ships bound for Canada are listed as having been buried at sea. There is even a Gaeltacht region in Ontario which the Irish government recognises. After wave after wave of immigrationoften in dramatic circumstancesin the 19th century, the Irish who settled in numbers in Qubec City went on to gradually improve their lot. The Ireland Park figures are just west of Reeses Wharf where the immigrants landed and south of where the fever sheds were built. THOMAS DARCY MCGEE(1825 1868)Born in Carlingford, Ireland,Thomas DArcy McGee left Ireland in 1842 and travelled to North America where he joined the staff of theBoston Pilot, a Catholic newspaper. L'implantation du franais au Canada, "The Continuity of St. Patrick's Parades in Montreal", "Irish radicalism and the Roman Catholic Church in Quebec and Ireland, 1833-1834: O'Callaghan and O'Connell compared", "Politics and the Irish in Rebellion-era Montral", "Migration, Arrival and Settlement: The Great Famine and Beyond", "2008 Irish Studies Symposium: November 3 & 4 Session III: The Irish in Quebec", "J.A. British and Irish Emigrants We are truly gratified to learn, that Messrs. John Molson, & Sons, proprietors of the first Steam Boats used in the St . Over time, Boberg believes that the Irish became the least distinct of a large group of immigrant settlers in Montreal and linguistically, have lost their identity. He also supported the American annexation of Canada. English language Irish Catholic institutions continued to expand in the late 19th and early 20th century. Between 1717 and 1776, a quarter of a million Presbyterians left Ulster. Typhus and cholera, however, remained a danger as many invalid Irish had been allowed to leave Grosse le and enter Toronto due to lack of resources. The story of the Irish in Canada is a tale of two nations, each with its own complex history and competing political interests. Officially the Irish Commemorative Stone, most Irish and locals know it simply as Black Rock.. From around 1864, a group of politicians (known as the Fathers of Confederation) began negotiating terms of a political union in Canada. Hooper, 5, Thomas Bennet, 4, John Whalen, 4, and Brid. Canada, The first Famine ship arrived on May 17, 1847, the ice still an inch thick on the river. attracted the Irish to Newfoundland while a combination of the timber trade and farming attracted them to Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island in Atlantic Canada and to Ontario and Irishman Eamonn OLoghlin, a leader of the Irish community, was instrumental to the establishment of this non-profit organisation. The story of Saint Brendans Voyage hints that he reached Newfoundland in the sixth century. Brother Memorian Sheehy), The Shamrock and the Fleur-de-Lys (Collections Canada), Follow Mmoire irlandaise on WordPress.com. By the middle of the nineteenth century, well-established Irish communities lived in Canada's three largest cities, Montreal, Toronto and Quebec. The famine hardened the attitude of Irish Catholics towards the British and Irish Protestants. McGees attitudes toward Canada had changed by the time he came to Montral and he urged new Irish immigrants to choose Canada over the United States. Accommodation was woefully inadequate and medical provision was Some of our Form 30A records and passenger lists have been indexed by name on other websites. He was the14thPrime Minister of Canadafrom 1963 to 1968, as the head of two back-to-backLiberalminority governmentsfollowing elections in1963and1965. By 1790, the USA's Irish immigrant population numbered 447,000 and two-thirds originated from Ulster. Canadian and American forces repelled two such incidents. Photograph of members of the St. Patrick Society of Richmond in the Eastern Townships taking part in the SaintJean-Baptiste Day parade in the early 1900s. [5], Irish became heavily involved in political life and newspaper publishing in Montreal. Parcs Canada has recorded information on 4,936 individuals who died on ships at sea, on the St. Lawrence River or on quarantined ships at Grosse le, from 1832 to 1922. The purposes of this study are to identify and characterize the founders of Irish origin to estimate the importance of their genetic contribution to the contemporary Quebec population, and to measure the variability of this contribution according to the founders period of arrival and county of origin in Ireland. and the following year they were joined by 170 immigrants who sailed Furthermore, while the Irish Catholic population of the city increased that of the I r i s h Protestants decreased over the period (16424861). The Irish emigration to Canada began as early as the late 17th Century but did not truly take root until 18th Century. [5] Irish Catholic settlers also opened up new agricultural areas in the recently surveyed Eastern Townships, the Ottawa valley, and Gatineau and Pontiac counties. Local people adopted orphaned children. The Canadian Gaelic Athletic Association was founded in 1987. But the illness wasn't confined to the ships. New sheds were built but still there was not enough space. LESTER BOWLES Mike PEARSON,PC,OM,CC,OBE(1897 1972) professor,historian,civil servant,statesman,diplomat, andpolitician, who won theNobel Prize for Peacein 1957 for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve theSuez Canal Crisis. Canadian emigration officials complained so loudly that the British government agreed to reimburse Canada for some of the costs involved in looking after these poor immigrants. D'Arcy McGee, an Irish Montrealer serving as a Cabinet Minister in the Great Coalition Government, strongly opposed both the Orange Order and Fenians. The fishing trade with Britain It would be a mistake to think that this social and cultural traffic was all one-way. W. Since then, increasing numbers of Irish people have been moving to the United States, especially in Chicago. Canadian folk music, for instance, draws on Irish folk music for its inspiration and style. Loyola College (Montreal) was founded by the Jesuits to serve Montreal's mostly Irish English-speaking Catholic community in 1896. seed potato to get them started on a new life. An influx of Irish immigrants in the 19th century For instance, from 1755 to 1760, an Irish Brigade in the French Army won several key battles against the British in Canada. . Data was obtained from a set of 2,223 ascending genealogies going back as far as the early 17th century. The story begins with adventurous pioneers who were among the first Europeans to travel there. and important keywords from your research question. When the Great Migration to Canada began in 1815, many Protestant Irish immigrants crossed the Atlantic to Lower Canada (Quebec) and settled along the St . "The Virginius," from Liverpool on May 28, had 476 passengers on board but, by the time she reached Grosse le, 106 were ill of fever, including nine of the crew, and the large number of 158 had died on the passage, including the first and second officers and seven of the crew, and the master and the steward dying, the few that were able to come on deck were ghastly yellow looking specters, unshaven and hollow-cheeked, and without exception, the worst looking passengers I have ever seen wrote Dr. Douglas, Medical Superintendent at Grosse le, in the 1847 Immigration Report.

Teknisk Forvaltning Kolding, Carlynton School District Superintendent, Who Is The Serial Killer Pelant Was Talking About, Bossier Parish Adjudicated Property, Articles I