What is the rationale behind job enlargement strategies? McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . Theory X . 2. 5. IvyPanda. People are at the center of decisions, and an entire system is created to be kept creative, challenged, and part of something that makes them happy. Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. Employees under this theory seek responsibility as motivational drivers. 2. People will be committed to their quality and productivity objectives if rewards are in place that address higher needs such as self-fulfillment. Theory Y. 5. a system that allows employees to choose to work part of a week from home. Abraham Maslow. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. These do not require any motivation to work. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. It has been discovered that the intrinsic feedback given in the classroom setting has the greatest effect on motivation and learning. The theory can lead to managers becoming lazy, as they can delegate and decentralize all work to their subordinates in the name of transferring authority. However, beyond this commonality, theattitudes and assumptionsthey embody are quite different. Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. Provide effective, supportive and non-intrusive supervision. Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. Definition: The Theory X and Theory Y are the theories of motivation given by Douglas McGregor in 1960's. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. 3. Theory Y managers believe that the average worker prefers to be directed, while Theory X managers believe that people will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve objectives to which they are committed. Average employees always seek direction as they are lazy. One day, she decides to compare the company's engagement data against the company's top competitor and shares the insights with her boss. 2. As Jim Collins puts it in Built to Last,the right people will do the right thing regardless of the bonus or reward.. Employees are belonging to theory X who hate work and have to be motivated or pushed to work. After identifying the issue, analyze the employees needs and wants. Please note that Theory Z is not a Mcgregor idea and as such is not Mcgregor's extension of his XY theory. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. 3. Theory Xmanagement hinders the satisfaction of higher-level needs because it doesnt acknowledge that those needs are relevant in the workplace. All Rights Reserved. Theory X managers focus on physiological and security 5. Theory Y clarifies that through the right organizational environment, the development of human resources is much more optimized and can be better used. 5. job enlargement. 1. Douglas McGregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. Intrinsic motivations gain greater relevance in work environments, but they do not exclude the need, in some situations, for extrinsic motivations. McGregor's Theory X/Y (1957; 1960/1985; 1966; 1967), one of the most famous theories of motivation and leadership, has had a profound effect on managerial thinking over the past fifty years. The approach focuses on persuading employees to complete work by motivating them with incentives and punishing them if they cannot complete the task. 2. flextime. Douglas McGregor. Hygiene factors of the two-factor theory The clothing retailer has achieved success by empowering its employees to make their own decisions and follow their passions. (2022, May 11). 1. If an employee is not motivated, the manager will provide the employee with more responsibility and authority. McGregor's Theory Y matches much of Maslow's self-actualization level of motivation. T or F. A compressed workweek is: McGregor makes the point that a command-and-control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs for motivation, but in modern society those needs are mostly satisfied and thus are no longer motivating. 3. See also the article about Assertive Techniques and Self Confidence. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated. For this reason, HR must enable, together with everyone in a company, a new look at people and their relationships, adopting assumptions that are more appropriate to the moment and this new workforce. According to Herzberg's theory, which of the following is a The use of this material is free for self-development, developing others, research, and organizational improvement. Workers do not need to be micromanaged; they are self-directed. 3. Students experience self-satisfaction when they learn and this is enough to motivate them to meet their learning goals. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. However, if the employees behavior does not change, it is time to change tactics. Job rotation The managers of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that the average person will avoid work when possible. Theory X management assumes most people will attempt to avoid work whereas Theory Y managers trust their people to take ownership of their work. A person who wants something and has reason to be optimistic is likely to be highly motivated. Theory X managers assumes that "the average human being has an inherit dislike of work and will avoid it if he can" (McGregor, 1960, p 33) and because of this "most people must . Theory X managers focus on esteem and social needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on self-actualization needs. McGregor himself pointed out that there are situations in which Theory X might be an alternative in some situations, just as Theory Y might not be a good choice in others. These do not require any motivation to work. Motivation is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at an exponential rate. B. the humanistic view of management.C. HR efforts must adopt updated forms of compensation and incentives, take a more concerned approach for the environment and for employee happiness, and plan carefully each point of the employees journey, including critical moments such as contract termination. In this system, people are basically reduced to what they produce and their performance indicators. Anand could be described as: A. a Theory X manager according to McGregor. Which of the following is a major difference between the Theory X and Theory Y views of management? Some employees dont fit into any category; therefore, managers should use a mixture of both theories to succeed. Lillian Gilbreth. 25. option A is correct According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. Workers dislike their jobs and they are inherently lazy. 5. 5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work. Theory Y is McGregor's other modem view of the nature of man. The Theory X and Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s. Employees under this theory are self-motivated and enjoy ownership of work. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950s and the early 1960s working on his motivation theory. Students are not motivated to learn new information. Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. 4. Ideal for all companies 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. . Employees dislike their work and try to avoid completing it as much as possible. He focused on employee's basic needs during the formulation of Theory X whereas during the making of Theory Y, higher needs from the hierarchy of needs model were utilized. 2. Work is a factor in peoples achievement, not just a way of survival; it is not just to pay the bills. Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. Not all employees can work in strict and controlled environments; it can decrease productivity. 2. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. 4. by creating a competitive environment at the workplace Theory Y holds that employees should be trusted and empowered. Most people are self-centered. C. Douglas McGregor. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. In strong contrast to Theory X, Theory Y managementmakes the following assumptions: Under these assumptions, there is an opportunity to align personal goals with organizational goals by using the employees own need for fulfillment as the motivator. ________ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by Douglas McGregor,a management professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during the 1950s and 1960s. Please use it as such. Once those needs have been satisfied, the motivation disappears. Employees need to be involved in all aspects of company decision making to keep them motivated. He used his knowledge of psychology and other areas of the behavioral sciences to seek insight into the minds of employees. Theory X provides high power to the superiors; it is biased as it does not consider employee recognition and development. 2. self-actualization needs 3. Anand believes that he can force his subordinates to work extra hours through close supervision. McGregors X and Y Theories was developed by social psychologist Douglas McGregor in the 1960s. 2. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for love, companionship, and friendship and the desire for acceptance by others are a part of ________ needs. However, employees can be most productive when their work goals align with their higher-level needs. Employees demand high centralization and control from their managers. This is an example of flextime. Businessballs Ltd assumes no responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a result of use. 3. Maslows theory uses a pyramid to describe the different types of needs that need to be met. Selena's work schedule is an example of: B. the humanistic view of management. If she logs 40 hours in four days, she can have a three-day weekend. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. All Rights Reserved. The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if he/she can. 5 What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? Responsibility for their own learning will be as natural to the students as other responsibilities. 5. ideal for all companies. about Agile HR and how you can foster that. Workers need consistent rewards and punishments to ensure their task is completed. Your email address will not be published. Now, Diego focuses on being the best he can be. 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. How to apply Theory X and Y in the workplace. More than changes in organizational assumptions, HR must lead the change in organizational assumptions in favor of talent retention and a strong culture in terms of agility, creativity, and innovation. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: Rosalyn's boss is so impressed, she asks Rosalyn to complete the competitor analysis once a week in addition to her other tasks. McGregor suggested that organizations would experience greater success if they focused on satisfying interpersonal needs, which led to the development of Theory Y. Please reference authorship and copyright of material used, including link(s) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage. Since every employee is unique, following generic Theory X or Theory Y will not work. Most people can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the population. 3. Read this article to learn about McGregor's Theory of 'X' and Theory 'Y'. 1. recognition Which of the following is an unethical or illegal behavior Kelsey may exhibit to equalize the situation? 4. 5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work. They failed to incite change. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A)the traditional view of management. 3. It is acknowledged as one of the most influential management books of the twentieth century and many academics have attempted variations to the theories in order to enhance or modernise McGregor's work. 3. the average worker has little ambition. External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals. Identify which of McGregor's Theory X or Theory Y corresponds with the following statement: 1. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: This theory cannot be used with experienced professionals. Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. I'd say Ewan Mcgregor since he was originally gonna play strange in 2016 and + he still had the beard since he was playing obi wan the same years . 5. 4. Nathaniel Hawthorne. Many workplaces originally utilized Theory X, which believes that employees are lazy and unproductive. 4. job enlargement. However, McGregor asserts that neither approach is appropriate, since the basic assumptionsof Theory X are incorrect. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: The instructor must ensure a controlled learning environment to prevent cheating and necessitate student learning; the students prefer to have the material summarized for them. Jobs are more satisfying when employees are provided with greater perks. It takes into consideration, the pessimistic behaviour of an average human being, who is less ambitious and inherently lazy. While McGregors theory was developed to improve motivation in the workplace, it has been recently used in the school system. 5. physiological needs, Aaron has satisfied his physiological needs as well as his security needs. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. An authoritative management style can hamper employee learning, building, and development. Aliyah is likely to assume that: McGregor's Theory Y Most people find happiness in hard work under the right conditions. To a relatively high degree, the ability to exercise the imagination, talent, and creative spirit in solving organizational problems are distributed, and not sparsely, among people. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. 4. The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organisational problems is widely (not narrowly) distributed among the population. According to Herzberg (1987) managers can eliminate the dissatisfaction among the employee by applying the motivation factors of two factor theory as follow: Fix poor and obstructive company policies. 1. Add more tasks to a job than of treating each task as separate the equity theory. Theory Z First, all managers have a theory of human work motivation. McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. Workers have little motivation and prefer direction from their superiors. B. Frederick llerzberg. Expectancy theory. Do you want to contribute to the future growth of Management 3.0? Although new theories and practices have emerged regarding the theme, the foundations and principles of motivation are from a long time ago. It is unambitious, looking for safety above all else. Aliyah is likely to assume that: 5. flextime. Behavior modification is the most widely discussed application of equity theory, the theory that behavior can be strengthened or weakened through the use of rewards and punishments. 3. the equity theory. The idea behind using letters X and Y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. Some employees require guidance and are not comfortable with undefined working boundaries. It reduces the working hours of employees and thus reduces pressure. The Need for Authority and Power (n-pow), McClelland's Three Types of Motivation Practical Application, McClelland's Theory Experimental Evidence, Characteristics and Attitudes of Achievement-Motivated People, Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (pdf), Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (doc version), Next: David's Mcclelland's Motivational Theory. Abraham Maslow on the other hand developed the hierarchy of needs of a human being. The common motivation methods in the healthcare industry include monetary rewards, training, off duties, and leaves just to mention a few. Fig. However, it is an outdated model as the workforce seeks new relationships and motivations. The soft approach, however, is to be permissive and seek harmony in the hopes that, in return, employees will cooperate when asked. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. Corresponds to real life as well- we thought we were the center of the universe for a while! On the other hand, managers who adopt Theory Y assumptions shape systems where trust in people is one of the central pillars. McGregors X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. Theory X is an authoritative approach to motivating employees where the manager has a pessimistic opinion about their team members. The soft approach results in a growingdesire for greater reward in exchange for diminished work output. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. C)Herzberg's hygiene factors. . 3. workers are not capable of self-control. The healthcare industry also requires leaders and that is why we have a Nursing-officer-in charge or an in-charge physician in all healthcare centers. The Three Needs Theory, also known as need theory, is the best-known theory of David McClelland,, Read More McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and AffiliationContinue, Victor Vroom at the Yale School of Management was the first to put forward the Expectancy, Read More Expectancy Theory of MotivationContinue, Businesses and organizations have long sought for answers on how to boost employee production, and therefore,, Read More Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factorContinue. O. C. Ferrell. IvyPanda. Students are naturally predisposed to learn. The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, are never completely satisfied. Authoritarian management style is applied by the management, where the managers closely monitor and supervise each employee. Most people avoid responsibility and need constant direction. 2. Theory X is a traditional model of motivation and management. 2. avoid micromanaging his employees. student. From these studies he constructed a model of management attitudes, and from this model demonstrated that managers, wittingly or unwittingly, strongly dictated the type and attitude of workers in their employ. William Ouchi. T or F, Good News, a public relations agency, has a rule that employees can choose their start and end times as long as they were in the office between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. 4. workers are not capable of self-control. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to the humanistic view of management The field of human relations has become increasingly important over the years as businesses strive to understand how to do all of the following EXCEPT boost company sales. Likely to increase overhead costs for business Correct Answer: Tags Add Choose question tag 4. 1. a flexible scheduling strategy. candidate's answer in order to merit the assigned marks. Students find learning inherently challenging and are only expected to have limited success in the course. Mr. McGregor postulated 2 theories on human management and leadership which are Theory X and Theory Y. 5. 2. extrinsic need Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. 4. micromanaging employees. McGregor felt that organizations and their managers followed one or the other approach: Theory X Douglas McGregor, an American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book 'The Human Side Of Enterprise'. 2. increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions reward is the sole motivator for workers. Maslow believes that higher level needs can be met through a . 1. There is often a central authority base and managers follow an authoritative leadership style. Theory X, Theory Y. conditions to increase productivity. Managers with Theory X attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if they can, and show little ambition. 2. 2022. 4. responsibility According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic reward is the sole motivator for workers. It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation And better fulfillment of both individual needs and organizational goals. The hard approach to motivation relies on coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and tight controls essentially an environment of command and control. According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X: A. people enjoy work. It reduces security risks. Sign up now and learn more about new practices and games, awesome workshops and activities, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. Managers follow their team members until they complete the task. The next part of McGregors theory is Theory Y. The X-Y. 4. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. This scenario best describes job: Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job. 4. 1. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly distributed in the population, etc. Instead, self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs must be fulfilled to motivate the team members. We are hiring! Douglas McGregor (1957) developed a philosophical view of humankind with his Theory X and Theory Y two opposing perceptions about how people view human behavior at work and organizational life. Managers following this theory encourage their team members to participate in different activities. 4. working condition Job sharing 5. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. The two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). A compressed workweek is: Each employee has a specific task to accomplish on the assembly line. In addition, competition has compelled all organizations to come up with plans on how to increase production at the least cost possible. 3. security A)the traditional view of management.B)the humanistic view of management.C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.D)Herzberg's motivational factors.E)the equity theory. must. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Aaron will strive to satisfy esteem needs next. The average person prefers to be directed; avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. While money may not be the most effective way to self-fulfillment, it may be the only way available. If the previous management style is not working out, it is best to change it for better results. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. 4. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. 4. 5. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. The commitment to complete a task is based on the rewards. Motivation refers to doing something to entice an employee to attract his or her attention to do the work better and increase production. A need 4. Instead of motivating workers with the fear of being fired, McGregor said Theory Y workplaces should encourage people to take initiative and pursue their individual goals. The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is However, neither of these extremes is optimal. 2. McGregor's Theory Y perspective. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. CC licensed content, Specific attribution, Organizational Behavior and Human Relations, https://web.archive.org/web/20160203121235/http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20160203121235/http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.html, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-introductiontobusiness/chapter/introduction-to-theory-x-theory-y-and-theory-z/, Differentiate between Theory X and Theory Y. This arrangement is called: His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by Bennis, Caroline McGregor, and Schein. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. Theory X It is possible to observe a strong interdependence between Theory Y and enabling leadership, an attractive corporate culture for people and teams that relate to each other with trust and respect. In managing his employees, he is most likely to: In this situation, one would expect employees to dislike their work, avoid responsibility, have no interest in organizational goals, resist change, etc.creating, in effect, a self-fulfilling prophecy. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. 3. an example of job enlargement. McGregor's 1960 book, . 1. 3. extrinsic reward Motivational Model - What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? Such individuals are used to working on their own terms and accomplishing tasks. There is a theory also working for employee motivation called - Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory.

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